Dataset on the conceptualization of institutional trust on intention to participate in family takaful products

The dataset was obtained from a time cross-sectional empirical survey to determine the intention to participate in Family Takaful (Solidarity) products. The survey was collected from 277 academicians in private Islamic Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia, with 272 valid cases. The academicians were chosen because of the various education levels, as education is an influential factor in many previous behavioural studies. The questionnaire was developed using scales based on the previous literature, such as intention, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural intention and institutional trust. The reliability and validity of all variables indicated that the measurement items were appropriate. This dataset brought a novelty by conceptualizing the institutional trust construct to predict the customers’ intention to participate in Family Takaful (Solidarity) products. Results indicated that the data is suitable for performing replication studies.


Subject
Behavioural studies & Islamic finance Specific subject area Behavioural studies on intention to participate in Family Takaful (Solidarity) products.Specifically, the dataset emphasized customers' intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and institutional trust.Data format Raw, Analyzed, Filtered Type of data

Value of the Data
• Takaful operators should benefit from this dataset as it illustrates the important role of institutional trust in influencing the customer's intention to participate in Family Takaful (Solidarity) products.This finding suggests that customers' trust toward the institution (Takaful operators), such as guarantees, contracts, regulations, promises, legal re-course, processes, or procedures of a Takaful company, is in place to protect them.• The dataset is also appropriate for replicating the study in other regions or with other types of potential customers.The replication of the study will verify the goodness of fit of the scale used in this study.• The adaptation of the institutional trust construct is also specifically conceptualized in the scope of Islamic financial services (Family Takaful (Solidarity) products).Thus, the measurement items could be used for behavioural studies in other Islamic financial services such as Islamic mortgages, Islamic banking products, Islamic investment instruments, etc.

Background
The dataset has been collected through a time series of cross-sectional empirical surveys to examine the customer's intention to participate in Family Takaful (Solidarity) products.This study brought its uniqueness by conceptualizing the institutional trust construct as a mediator of relationships between endogenous and exogenous variables.To the best of the researcher's knowledge, few previous empirical works have examined the role of institutional trust in accepting or participating in Islamic financial products and services, specifically Family Takaful (Solidarity) products.Thus, the empirical results from this study provided a better understanding of the role of institutional trust in influencing the customer's intention to participate in the products.

Data Description
The dataset was collected from a time series of cross-sectional empirical surveys to examine the customer's intention to participate in Family Takaful (Solidarity) products.The three con-

Perceived Behavioural Control
An individual's perception of the ease or difficulty to participate in Family Takaful (Solidarity) products [4] . 5.
Institutional Trust An individual's belief of structural assurances such as guarantees, contracts, regulations, promises, legal re-course, processes or procedures of a takaful company is in place to protect them [2 , 5 , 6] structs, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control were adopted from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) [1] .This study conceptualizes a new construct as a research novelty: institutional trust.This construct is based on the Initial Trust Formation Model (IFTM) [2] .The institutional trust construct has been conceptualized as a mediator of the study in influencing the relationships between endogenous and exogenous variables.Table 1 presents the operational definitions for each of the study's constructs.The measurement item of questionnaires is presented in the following tables, which consist of two parts.The first part consists of categorical items on the demographic profile of respondents, while the second part consists of ten -Likert scale items on endogenous, exogenous and mediator variables.The measurement items on the demographic profile (Q1 -Q7) are presented in Table 2 , and the multi-scale items (Q8 -Q12) measurement is in Table 3 .All multi-scale items are adopted from past literature works.For instance, measurement items for attitude adopted from [7][8][9] , subjective norm [9 , 10] , perceived behavioural control [7 , 9 , 11 , 12] , institutional trust [5 , 13] and intention [9 , 10 , 14] .
Table 3 below presents the measurement items for each construct.The measurement items for attitude have included the benefit of the products' dimension in shaping the individual's positive evaluation/perception toward participating in it.The measurement items for the subjective norm have involved the role of social pressure such as family, office mates, friends, and Takaful agents in influencing the behaviour.The third measurement item for perceived behavioural control includes an individual's perception of the ease or difficulty of participating in the products.Moreover, institutional trust is conceptualized to access individuals' belief/trust toward the Takaful operators regarding regulation, legal recourse, etc.Finally, the intention construct examines an individual's probability of participating in Family Takaful (Solidarity) products.
The questionnaires in Table 3 were responded to by 272 academicians in seven Malaysian private Islamic Higher Education Institutions with 100 percent valid cases.Table 4 below summarizes the results of the descriptive analysis of respondents.The results consist of frequency and percentage for each question.Furthermore, Table 5 illustrates the descriptive analysis results for multi-scale items of each construct.The results include mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis values.Table 4 and Table 5 were extracted using SPSS version 26.
Table 5 below reports the indicators for descriptive analysis, including mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis.Mean, and standard deviation are used to measure the central tendency and dispersion, respectively.Based on the results, the mean and standard deviation values for all items are 68 percent within the suggested value, thus suggesting a normal central tendency.At the same time, skewness and kurtosis indicate the normality of the data.The suggested normality range value is + 1.96 and -1.96 [15] .Thus, the data of the study fulfils the normality criteria.
The analysis proceeded with a measurement model for all multi-scale items (Q8 -Q12) using SmartPLS 3.3.7.The analyses included factor loading and average variance extracted for con- vergent validity.Moreover, internal consistency checking was also conducted using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability.The study also continued with Heterotrait-Monotrait Correlation Ratio (HTMT) for discriminant validity, correlation analysis and the square root of AVE.Table 6 presents the said criteria of the measurement model.Some of the items (e.g., ATT6, ATT7, SN4, SN5 & PBC6) were deleted due to lower factor loading ( < 0.7).Table 7 indicates the results on HTMT (lower left triangle), correlation (upper right triangle) and the square root of AVE (in bold).
All results fit the suggested criteria by most past literature.Referring to the above table, the factor loading values for all measurement items are recorded between 0.709 and 0.957, which surpassed the suggested value of 0.70 [16] .Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha internal consistency values are recorded at 0.881 to 0.975.This value range indicates a good internal consistency between the constructs [16 , 17] .Lastly, the composite reliability and AVE exceeded the suggested values at 0.70 and 0.50, respectively.
Table 7 below illustrates the discriminant validity HTMT criterion results, Fornell Larcker (square root of AVE), and correlation analysis.The HTMT reports a value lower than 0.85 and thus has discriminant validity.The correlation between endogenous and exogenous variables for ATT, PBC and IT indicated a moderate positive correlation.Only SN indicates a low positive correlation.Finally, the Fornell Larcker indicators (square root of AVE) are higher than the correlation and thus validate the discriminant between the constructs.
For me, to participate in family takaful products is a good decision.For me, family takaful product enables me to solve my financial problems.For me, saving packages in family takaful products will be beneficial in the future.I think family takaful product is a valuable package.I think family takaful product is a good protection package.I prefer a family takaful product that provides a saving plan.I prefer a family takaful product that provides an investment plan.I would be happy to protect myself with family takaful products.
( My confidence and trust in the Takaful companies are very high.I believe that family takaful companies act honestly and ethically.I am confident that the policies and rules of a family takaful company protect its customers.Takaful companies that offer family takaful products are very reliable.The family takaful company has a good reputation.I believe that family takaful companies comply with Islamic financial laws.I believe that family takaful companies are going to make sure their agents are trained and professional.I believe that the administrative system of a family takaful company is efficient and effective.
( If given the opportunity, I will participate a family takaful product in the future.I will make some effort to participate in a family takaful product in future.I will strongly recommend a family takaful product for others to participate in it. ( Finally, the structural model was performed on all the constructs adopted from past literature works.This research methodology employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which integrates two multivariate techniques: Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) [17] .SEM has garnered significant popularity in research circles for several reasons.It enables the statistical evaluation of complex processes and sophisticated concepts involving numerous exogenous and endogenous constructs [18] .As mentioned, the selected three constructs (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control) are based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour.In contrast, the institutional trust construct is based on the Initial Trust Formation Model.Fig. 1 illustrates the result of the structural model of the study.The figure indicates that all constructs have a significant value of < 0.05 toward the dependent variable.
The study further reports the model fit criteria using Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) and bootstrap-based test (d_ULS and u_G).The SRMR criteria measure the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) by transforming the sample covariance matrix and predicted covariance matrix into correlation matrices [19] .Meanwhile, the bootstrap-based test is used to perform exact overall model fit tests by statistically inferring the discrepancy between the empirical covariance matrix and the covariance matrix implied by the composite factor model.Table 8 below summarizes that all model fit criteria are accepted.

Experimental Design, Materials and Methods
The first step of this study is begun by conducting an extensive review of the theoretical framework.This step determines the possible variables explaining the customer's intention to participate in Family Takaful (Solidarity) products.The review found the potential factors in shaping the customers' intention, including attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and institutional trust.In the next step, a set of questionnaires was designed using a 10-point Likert scale, which has been empirically tested in past literature.All past empirical works fulfilled the reliability and validity of the constructs.
Step number three is to determine the sampling size.The academicians in seven private Islamic Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia were chosen.The sampling size determined as much as 265 academicians based on a population of 846 academicians in seven Malaysian private Islamic Higher Education Institutions and the sampling table from [20] .At a 95 percent  confidence level, the dataset of 272 cases has a margin of error of ±4.89 percent in sample representativeness.The next step is to test the questionnaires developed on selected academicians to check their readability and comprehension.The fifth step is to proceed with the data collection on the unit of analysis.The questionnaires were distributed to the academicians using Google Forms and email invitations.Prior to the data collection, the authors received the academicians' email from their respective institutions.The data collection procedure received 272 respondents from the academicians in seven Malaysian private Islamic Higher Education Institutions.The collected data is continued with the data analysis.A comprehensive analysis was conducted, including a descriptive analysis of the respondents, descriptive analysis on the multi-scale items, reliability and validity using factor loading, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, an average of variance extracted, HTMT, correlation and square root of AVE.The analysis then proceeded with the structural model assessment as the goodness of fit was fulfilled, as suggested by the literature.

Limitations
The study's results provide compelling evidence in support of the proposed model.However, as with any empirical research, certain limitations warrant further investigation with a broader range of customers, including private-sector customers, to ensure the model's applicability can be appropriately generalized.It's worth noting that the sample used in the study may not fully represent the Malaysian population.Another limitation is that the study is a crosssectional quantitative, meaning that data is only collected once.This constraint may be due to the study's time frame, and it's important to note that individuals' intentions to participate in family takaful products can fluctuate over time due to personal circumstances, economic conditions, or market dynamics.As a result, this research may not account for temporal variations, potentially making the findings less relevant for understanding how intentions might evolve in the future.To address this limitation, a longitudinal study in the future with various customers' demographic profiles may help accommodate changes in individual behaviour.

Table , Figure
Data collectionThe data was collected from a time series of cross-sectional empirical surveys to examine the customer's intention to participate in Family Takaful (Solidarity) products.The survey was collected from 277 academicians in private Islamic Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia, with 272 valid cases.The reliability and validity of all variables indicated that the measurement items were appropriate.This dataset brought a novelty by conceptualizing the institutional trust construct to predict the customers' intention to participate in Family Takaful (Solidarity) products.Results indicated that the data is suitable for performing replication studies.

Table 1
Operational definitions of the constructs.

Table 2
Items for the demographic profile of respondents.

Table 3
Items for multi-scale items.

Md Husin et al., 2016; Taylor & Todd, 1995 )
My family members, who influenced my decision, think I should participate in a family takaful product.My family members, who are important to me, think I should participate in a family takaful product.My family, who influenced my behaviour, thinks I should participate in a family takaful product.My office mates suggested that I should participate in a family takaful product.My best friends think that I should participate in a family takaful product.The takaful agent thinks that I should participate in a family takaful product.The takaful agent thinks I should participate in a family takaful product to protect myself and my family from unforeseen risks.The takaful agent influenced my decision to participate in a family takaful product.

( Bhatti & Md Husin, 2019; Compeau & Higgins, 2017; Tan & Teo, 20 0 0; Taylor & Todd, 1995
)It will be easy for me to participate in a family takaful product soon.I am very confident that I can participate in a family takaful product soon.I have total control over participating in a family takaful product.If I wanted to, I could easily participate in any family takaful products on my own.I could participate in a family takaful product even if there was no one around to show me how to do it.I am confident to participate in a family takaful product if only by referring to the takaful's website.I am confident of participating in a family takaful product even if I have never participated in

Table 4
Results for descriptive analysis of respondents.

Table 5
Results for descriptive analysis on multi-scale items.

Table 6
Results for measurement model for each construct.
Fig. 1.Structural model of the study.

Table 8
Results for study's model fit.