Dataset: Repeated and longitudinal measures database from 1994 to 2018 to assess Chile's substance use control policies for the 2000–2010 decade

We developed a database to assess Chile's substance use control policies implemented in the 2000–10 decade. The database includes the measurement of consumption of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and drugs (cannabis, cocaine, and “pasta base” (crack)), individual, relationships, and environmental factors related to substance use, and variables that measure the implementation of laws regulating its use. For the construction of the database, we used information from three sources: i) the biannual National Survey of Drug Consumption for the general population of the National Service of Prevention and Rehabilitation for Drug and alcohol consumption (SENDA) from the Chilean government, ii) the cases filed in local police courts by group of offenses from Chile's Ministry of Justice reports, and iii) the regional imprisoned population from Chile's Correctional Services reports. In the case of the first data source, a data curation process was established to construct this unique database from 1994 to 2018, identifying variables measured systematically over time, standardizing variables' operationalization, and adjusting responses to prespecified flows in each year. On the other hand, substance use control laws enacted in 2004 (alcohol), 2005 (drugs), and 2006 (tobacco) were operationalized as categorical and continuous variables as indicators of its implementation.


a b s t r a c t
We developed a database to assess Chile's substance use control policies implemented in the 20 0 0-10 decade.The database includes the measurement of consumption of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and drugs (cannabis, cocaine, and "pasta base " (crack)), individual, relationships, and environmental factors related to substance use, and variables that measure the implementation of laws regulating its use.For the construction of the database, we used information from three sources: i) the biannual National Survey of Drug Consumption for the general population of the National Service of Prevention and Rehabilitation for Drug and alcohol consumption (SENDA) from the Chilean government, ii) the cases filed in local police courts by group of offenses from Chile's Ministry of Justice reports, and iii) the regional imprisoned population from Chile's Correctional Services reports.In the case of the first data source, a data curation process was established to construct this unique database from 1994 to 2018, identifying variables measured systematically over time, standardizing variables' operationalization, and adjusting responses to prespecified flows in each year.On the other hand, substance use control laws enacted in 20 04 (alcohol), 20 05 (drugs), and 20 06 (tobacco) were operationalized as categorical and continuous variables as indicators of its implementation.
©  2: Variables on substance control policy in Chile.Table 3: Variables and key information about the standardization process.Table 4: Adjustments considering the flow of the national survey.Table 5: Operationalization of variables on substance control policy.How the data were acquired The database considers variables included in the biannual National Survey of Drug Consumption for the general population of the i) National Service of Prevention and Rehabilitation (SENDA) for drug and alcohol consumption in Chile from 1994 to 2018.This organization makes available descriptive reports of each year's results in conjunction with open-access databases in SPSS and STATA formats.We analyzed the reports and databases for each year and created a unique database with relevant variables to the study phenomenon.We also use data available from ii) Reports of Chile's Ministry of Justice and iii) Reports of Chile's Correctional Services.Data from these three sources were merged using a coding prepared in STATA 16.0 and 17.0.Each survey and report included in this database are developed periodically by institutions belonging to the Chilean government.Original surveys and reports are available in Spanish.Translations to English are not available.

Data format Analyzed Description of data collection
In the case of the data from the National Survey of Drug Consumption, we identified variables consistently observed over time, standardized the operationalization of the variables using the most common or more straightforward categories available, and cleaned the data considering the flow observed in each survey.For each procedure, we created codebooks in STATA 16.0 or 17.0.For the policy interventions, we identified indicators that reflect the implementation of each law per year.

Data source location
Information was extracted from Chile's Government websites: • Biannual National Survey of Drug Consumption for the general population

Value of the Data
• The database consolidates the measurement of variables on the consumption (as the prevalence of use during life, last consumption, and current pattern of consumption) of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and drugs (i.e., cannabis, cocaine, and "pasta base " (crack)) and individual, relationships, and environmental factors related to substance use.• The variables are standardized with biannual measure points from 1994 to 2018, consolidating 24 years of data.
• The database captures the information with its geographical distribution by commune and regions of the country allowing the description and analysis of substance consumption patterns situated in time and place.• Data points are included before and after the implementation of substance-related control policies in the country.• Substance-related control policies were operationalized in a simple way to mark the start of the regulations as categorical variables and as continuous variables to assess the possible effects of the policies on consumption.• The database could be used by both academics and research professionals interested in assessing not only substance-related control policies, including alcohol ones, but also other policies that can indirectly affect substance use outcomes, such as mental health programs in Chile.Relatedly, these data can be reused to specifically address the associations between substance-related control policies, including both national and regional ones, in the outcomes described above, including onset and different frequencies of substance use.

Objective
This database was generated to assess the association of substance-related control policies that were implemented in the 20 0 0-2010 decade on the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs in Chile.This approach considers the influence of individual (biological and psychological), socio-cultural, physical environmental factors, and state/government interventions potentially associated with substance use changes over time.

Data Description
The database is composed of 45 variables.The first 37 variables were created using the data available in the open-access databases of i) the biannual National Survey of Drug Consumption for the general population of SENDA [1] .It includes variables on the consumption as the prevalence of use during life, last consumption, and current pattern of consumption of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and drugs (i.e., cannabis, cocaine, and "pasta base " (crack)) and individual, relationships, and environmental factors related to substance use.The variables extracted from this data source are described in Table 1 .We present the name of the variable, the questions used in the survey to obtain the information (authors' translation), and comments to have a better understanding of the variable included.The variables related to the enactment of substance-control policies (38 to 45) were managed in two ways.The first one was a "naïve" operationalization that considered the presence or absence of the three laws analyzed.Given that the three laws were in force in 20 07, 20 08 was determined as the starting date for the measure.Also, because the tobacco law had another update in 2013, we created a categorical variable that could capture the progression of the Tobacco policy.
On the other hand, in the cases of the laws of drugs and tobacco, we could identify in the metrics used to report on the performance of different institutions of the Chilean government, indicators that could measure the effects of the implementation of the laws.Thus, we created the variables "Tobacco Infraction rate", and "Drug law prisoner rate" using data presented in ii) the annual Ministry of Justice reports [2] , and iii) the annual Services Correctional reports [3] , respectively.Both variables show mechanisms aimed at regulating the behavior of the population.For each variable, we present the name, and details about the construction of the indicator ( Table 2 ).Tobacco infraction rate per 10 0,0 0 0 inhabitants The number of infractions related to tobacco law registered in the Annual Justice Report of the National Institute of Statistics per 10 0,0 0 0 inhabitants (Census data 2017).41 Tobacco infraction rate per 10 0,0 0 0 inhabitants lagged (1 year) The number of infractions related to tobacco law with a 1-year lag registered in the Annual Justice Report of the National Institute of Statistics per 10 0,0 0 0 inhabitants (Census data 2017).42 Drug law prisoner rate per 10 0,0 0 0 inhabitants The number of prisoners related to drug law registered in The Annual Gendarmerie report per 10 0,0 0 0 inhabitants.43 Drug law prisoner rate per 10 0,0 0 0 inhabitants lagged (1 year) The number of prisoners related to drug law with a 1-year lag registered in The Annual Gendarmerie report per 10 0,0 0 0 inhabitants.44 Drug law prisoner rate per 10 0 0 imprisoned The number of prisoners related to drug law registered in The Annual Gendarmerie report per 10 0 0 imprisoned.45 Drug law prisoner rate per 10 0 0 imprisoned lagged (1 year) The number of prisoners related to drug law with a 1-year lag registered in The Annual Gendarmerie report per 10 0 0 imprisoned.

Experimental Design, Materials, and Methods
A data curation process of the surveys compiled from 1994 to 2018 on substance use was established to construct this database.This process was composed of four steps: 1) identification of questions that were consistently observed over time using an Excel Spreadsheet that incorporated all the questions for each year (reduction from 499 to 37 questions); 2) identification of possible questions that could contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon "substance use control policy" considering a theoretical background supported in a literature review and causal graphs proposed by the research team; 3) standardization of the operationalization of the variables identified across time using the most common or more straightforward operationalization with a construction a coding book in STATA 16.0 ( Table 3 ); 4) Recodification of variables considering the flow observed in each survey with a construction a coding book in STATA 17.0 [4] ( Table 4 ).Finally, the variables related to the policy interventions were merged using a coding book in STATA 16.0 ( Table 5 ).The question initially requested information about time with the options: never offered, more than a year ago, more than one month but less than one year ago, during the last 30 days and don't know/no answer.From 20 0 0 this question was made for each drug.The answer was unified in one question with dichotomic responses.Quality of the neighborhood the interviewer considering the quality of the households and streets.In 1998, categories ranging from 1 to 7 were included, from very bad to very good.The categories were normalized as: very bad = 5, bad = 5, less then regular = 4, more than regular = 4, regular = 3, good = 2, very good = 1.Expansion factor 271,736 observations and 82 missing dataIt is derived from a complex sampling of housing with three stages (geographic area, housing, and persons inside the housing).The sampling frame is elaborated considering census information.

Table 1 :
2023 The Author(s).Published by Elsevier Inc.This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) Variables on substance use in Chile from 1994 to 2018 Table

Table 1
Variables on substance use in Chile from 1994 to 2018.

Table 1 (
continued ) 30 Friends drug use According to what you know: How many of your friends use drugs (available up to 1996).To the best of your knowledge, how many of your friends use drugs (available up to 1998).And as far as you know, do any of your close friends, i.e., those with whom you see frequently, use any of these drugs (available from 20 0 0)? 31 Neighborhood consumption According to what you know, the use of one or more of these drugs in the neighborhood where you live is Refers to the perception of the severity of consumption in the neighborhood.

Table 2
Variables on substance control policy in Chile.

Table 3
Variables and key information about the standardization process.
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Table 3 (
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Table 4 (
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Table 5
Operationalization of variables on substance control policy.