Dataset on genetic variation and trait association in cheeseweed (Malva parviflora L.) genotypes for agronomic traits

In order to analyze genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and trait associations in Malva parviflora genotypes for agronomic traits, this paper presented a dataset. Seven agronomic traits variation and genetic parameters, including phenotypic and genotypic variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, broad-sense heritability, genetic advance, traits association, principal component analysis, and heatmap analysis were performed based on phenotypic data. Excel, PBtools, STAR, and R applications were used to analyze the data. There was substantial variation for the traits as revealed by descriptive statistics and variance analysis. Graphical presentation showed for principal component analysis and heatmap analysis. Researchers can use this dataset as guide to their plan for improvement this crop as leafy vegetables.


a b s t r a c t
In order to analyze genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and trait associations in Malva parviflora genotypes for agronomic traits, this paper presented a dataset. Seven agronomic traits variation and genetic parameters, including phenotypic and genotypic variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, broad-sense heritability, genetic advance, traits association, principal component analysis, and heatmap analysis were performed based on phenotypic data. Excel, PBtools, STAR, and R applications were used to analyze the data. There was substantial variation for the traits as revealed by descriptive statistics and variance analysis. Graphical presentation showed for principal component analysis and heatmap analysis. Researchers can use this dataset as guide to their plan for improvement this crop as leafy vegetables.

Value of the Data
• The data provides insight genetic advance, heritability, variability and relationships of agronomic traits. • Researchers working in agronomy, leafy vegetables, and plant breeding can benefit from these data. • The detail in the data is important for researchers choosing the best heritable traits for design crop development programs. • Cheeseweed ( Malva parviflora L . ) is a very well-known orphan leafy vegetable with considerable prospects as a crop in terms of nutritional content. It might offer a good source of nutrients to farmers in Rangpur region, Bangladesh.

Data Description
The raw data of the experiment is available at mendeley data https://data.mendeley.com/ datasets/mcxv7d6xgk/4 [1] Table 1 . Contained the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the investigated data. Box plots showing the measured traits distribution ( Fig. 1 ). Diagnostic plots showing the distribution of the attributes measured ( Fig. 2 ).     Table 2 . presented the descriptive statistics of the data, including the mean, standard deviation, standard error, minimum and maximum values, skewness, kurtosis, and co-efficient of variation.  Table 3 . provides a summary of the findings on the genetic parameters of agronomic traits.

Association Among Traits
The relationship between the traits that were shown in Tables 4 and 5 is being investigated using the correlation and path analysis.   Fig. 3 depicts a biplot distribution that represents the traits' scores on the principal components of agronomic traits. Table 5 Path analysis of traits at the genotypic (G) and phenotypic (P) levels demonstrating direct (bold-diagonal) and indirect (off-diagonal) effects (genotypic and phenotypic residual effect was 1.57 and 0.80, respectively).

Heatmap Analysis
The heatmap demonstrated how observable traits performed consistently across the germplasm in Fig. 4 .
The supplemental file "S1" contains the experiment's raw data. The ANOVA analysis results are shown in supplemental file "S2". The additional file "S3" contains the raw data for Tables 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , and Figs. 1 and 2 . In the supplemental file "S4", the raw data for Table 2

Experimental Design, Materials and Methods
During Kharif-1 season, the experiment was conducted at the Regional Station of the Bangladesh Institute of Research and Training on Applied Nutrition (BIRTAN), in Rangpur, Bangladesh. The tista meander floodplain, which covers an area of 946,803 ha, primarily consists of high and medium high land areas. The soils in this area have moderately acidic soils (pH 4.6-6.5), low organic matter contents (1%) on higher ground, and moderate organic matter contents (2%) on lower ground. Overall, fertility levels are low to medium, while K and CEC status are often in the middle of the scale. In general, soils are good in holding water [2 , 3] .
In this research, popular leafy vegetables called Napa shak ( Malva parviflora ) from the Rangpur region of Bangladesh were used. A total of 7 genotypes were used in this experiment. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication were used as experimental design. Direct seeding was carried out in pot. Date of seeding was April 1, 2021. The plastic pot had a 10 inch diameter and 10 inch height, and could hold 10 kg of soil. The leafy vegetable cheeseweed ( Malva parviflora L.) is an orphan leafy vegetables. Chemical fertilizers weren't used. To prepare the soil, just vermicompost (25 percent vermicopost and 75 percent soil) was applied. Irrigation, weeding, and thinning were practiced as per requirements.
The R statistics platform (version 4.1.2 of the program) was used to conduct the statistical studies [4] . Using the R package "variability", analyses of variance (ANOVA), estimation of genetic parameters, and traits association analysis were performed. The formula presented by [5] was used to compute the phenotypic and genetic variance, as well as the genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation (GCV and PCV). Heritability in the broad sense (hBS) and genetic advance (GA) calculation as described in [6][7][8][9][10][11] . "Pheatmap" was used to create a heatmap diagram. The Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR) software, version 2.0.1(2014), carried out principal component analysis. Utilizing plant breeding tools (PBTools) Version: 1.3, box plots and diagnostic plots were created.