U-Pb dating and geochemical dataset of fracture-filling calcite veins from the Bóixols-Sant Corneli anticline (Southern Pyrenees)

U-Pb dating and geochemical analyzes (δ18O, δ13C, Δ47, 87Sr/86Sr and elemental composition) have been applied to fracture-filling calcite veins and host carbonates from the Bóixols-Sant Corneli anticline, which developed along the front of the Bóixols thrust sheet in the Southern Pyrenees. This robust dataset is used to determine: (i) the absolute timing of fracturing and mineralization from fluid flow; (ii) the age and duration of fold evolution; and (iii) the variations and implications of fluid behavior across the anticline, as has been described in the article “Spatio-temporal variation of fluid flow behavior along a fold: The Bóixols-Sant Corneli anticline (Southern Pyrenees) from U–Pb dating and structural, petrographic, and geochemical constraints – Marine and Petroleum Geology (2022) (Muñoz-López et al., 2022). In this new contribution, we present the raw data that have been analyzed and discussed in the related research article and, also, the whole elemental and REE composition of calcite veins and host carbonates that has not been published yet. These data may be used to unravel the age and origin of veins, to understand their sequential evolution in orogenic belts and to compare our results with those obtained in similar settings worldwide.

of fluid flow behavior along a fold: The Bóixols-Sant Corneli anticline (Southern Pyrenees) from U-Pb dating and structural, petrographic, and geochemical constraints -Marine and Petroleum Geology (2022) (Muñoz-López et al., 2022). In this new contribution, we present the raw data that have been analyzed and discussed in the related research article and, also, the whole elemental and REE composition of calcite veins and host carbonates that has not been published yet. These data may be used to unravel the age and origin of veins, to understand their sequential evolution in orogenic belts and to compare our results with those obtained in similar settings worldwide.  Table   Subject Earth Sciences Specific subject area Geochemistry and Petrology Type of data Tables How the data were acquired U-Pb dating of calcite veins using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS).
Carbon and oxygen isotopes of calcite veins and host carbonates with a Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer Thermo Electron MAT-252 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). 47 measurements of calcite veins with an automated acid digestion and gas purification device coupled to a dual inlet Thermo MAT253 Mass Spectrometer. 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of calcite veins and host carbonates have been analyzed in a TIMS-Phoenix mass spectrometer (Isotopx).
Elemental composition of calcite veins and host carbonates employing a magnetic sector field Element XR (HR-ICP-MS, high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Data format Raw and analyzed Description of data collection The description of the data collection is presented in the Experimental design, materials, and methods section. Data source location Samples of calcite veins and related host rocks were collected at the Bóixols-Sant Corneli anticline (Southern Pyrenees). See coordinates of each sample in Table 1

Value of the Data
• We present geochronological and geochemical data from fracture-filling calcite veins and carbonate host rocks from the outstanding exposed Bóixols-Sant Corneli anticline, along the front of the Bóixols thrust sheet (Southern Pyrenees). This robust dataset has been used to constrain the sequence of deformation, the age and duration of fold evolution, and the fluid flow behavior across the anticline. • We include the raw data that have been analyzed and discussed in the related research article. We also include the whole elemental and REE composition of calcite veins and host carbonates that has not been published yet. • These data are useful for geoscientists working on carbonate geochemistry and geochronology applying novel techniques such as U-Pb dating and clumped isotope thermometry. • These data can be further used to determine the timing and thermal conditions of vein development during deformation and to compare our results with those obtained in similar settings worldwide.

Data Description
Geochronological and geochemical data of fracture-filling calcite cements and carbonate host rocks exposed in the Bóixols-Sant Corneli anticline (Southern Pyrenees) are presented here. Samples were collected in ten representative localities that cover the different fracture networks as well as the sedimentary successions involved in the formation of the anticline. The location and description of samples are shown in Table 1 , the geochronological results in Table 2 and Fig. 1 , and the geochemical dataset in Tables 3 , 4 and Fig. 2 . The complete elemental and isotopic composition of veins cements and host rocks is found in the Repository. The main features of fractures, and the detailed petrographic characteristics of vein cements and host rocks is found in [1] and elsewhere in [2 , 3] .
Twenty-three new U-Pb ages were obtained by applying LA-ICPMS on 447 spot analyzes from different sets of fracture-filling calcite cements ( Table 2 and Fig. 1 ). Obtained ages range from Late Cretaceous (79.8 ± 1.2 Ma) to late Miocene (9.0 ± 4.6 Ma). Concordia plots, which are presented in the Repository, show well-defined regression lines for most samples with mean square weighted deviation (MSWD) of < 2. An exception is sample Bx47a that has a MSWD of 10.6. As this value is higher than 2, it could indicate an open system, a mixing of ages, or an incomplete equilibration of lead isotopes [4] . The raw data of the U-Pb results are presented in the supplementary material of [1] and in the Repository.
The geochemical results, including δ 18 O, δ 13 C, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, 47 , and the elemental composition of the different fracture-filling calcite cements and host rocks are shown in Tables 3 , 4 and Fig. 2 . In order to summarize this robust dataset and to describe the geochemical data, the analyzed vein cements have been assembled in three calcite groups (Group 1 to Group 3) according to three observed geochemical trends: The first geochemical trend (Group 1 calcites) has been observed in all cements from fractures and faults present in the hinge of the anticline (Cal Mestre locality) and in the base of the syn-orogenic deposits in the footwall of the Bóixols thrust sheet (Sant Antoni locality). The geochemistry of these calcites reflects the composition of their host rocks, either the Lower Cretaceous marls of the Lluçà Formation or the Upper Cretaceous marls of the Vallcarga Formation, respectively. Thus, Group 1 calcites yield minimum and maximum δ 13 C values between + 1.3 and + 2.4 ‰ VPDB, respectively, and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr between 0.707285 and 0.707669, which are similar values to their adjacent host carbonates. Also, Group 1 calcites display δ 18 O values that are lower than -3 ‰ VPDB and that are up to 5 ‰ VPDB lower than those values of their adjacent rocks ( Table 3 ). Regarding the elemental composition, these calcites have Mn contents lower than 200 ppm, Sr contents higher than 1100 ppm, and Y/Ho ratios higher than 50. Besides, nine representative samples of Group 1 cements were analyzed for clumped isotope measurements      ( Table 4 ). The second geochemical trend (Group 2 calcites) has been observed in all calcite cements from large-scale faults including large thrusts, strike slip and normal faults and related fractures cutting the Bóixols-Sant Corneli anticline. These cements yield the lowest δ 18 O values, between -14 and -8 ‰ VPDB, which are up to 10 ‰ VPDB lower than those values of their host carbonates. Additionally, Group 2 calcites yield variable enrichment in δ 13 C values and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios, from -12 to + 2 ‰ VPDB, and from 0.7074 to 0.7080, respectively ( Table 3 ) Table 4 ).
The third geochemical trend (Group 3 calcites) has been observed in cements that precipitated in centimetric to metric-scale fractures (i.e., veins) in both limbs of the Bóixols-Sant Corneli anticline. These cements exhibit a narrow range of δ 18 O values, from -8 to -6 ‰ VPDB, and tendency towards δ 13 C-depleted values, from -10 to + 2 ‰ VPDB. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of Group 3 calcites, ranging from 0.7073 to 0.7077, are also lower than those values of their host carbonates (the Collada Gassó and the Congost Formations and the Garumnian facies) ( Table 3 ). Finally, regarding the elemental composition, these cements have the lowest Sr contents and Y/Ho ratios, less than 500 ppm and less than 60, respectively. Besides, a representative sample of Group 3 cements was analyzed for clumped isotope measurements. The obtained 47 values, which are 0.494 ± 0.016, translate into precipitation temperatures of 66 ± 5 °C and δ 18 O fluid of + 1.9 ‰ SMOW ( Table 4 ).

Experimental Design, Materials and Methods
Petrographic analysis of around 135 polished thin sections from host rocks and vein cements was made using a Zeiss Axiophot microscope and a cold cathodoluminescence (CL) microscope operating at 15-18 kV and 350 μA current.
U-Pb ages were obtained with a laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICPMS) at FIERCE (Frankfurt Isotope and Element Research Center, Goethe University), following the modified method of [7] . A Thermo Scientific Element XR sector field ICPMS was coupled to a RESOlution 193 nm ArF excimer laser (COMpexPro 102) equipped with a twovolume ablation cell (Laurin Technic S155). Samples were firstly ablated in a helium atmosphere (300 mL/min) and then mixed in the ablation funnel with 1100 mL/min argon and 5 mL/min nitrogen. Signal strength at the ICP-MS was tuned for maximum sensitivity but keeping the oxide formation (monitored as 248 ThO/ 232 Th) below 0.2% and low fractionation of the Th/U ratio.
Static ablation used a spot size of 193 μm and a fluency of about 2 J/cm 2 at 12 Hz.
Data were obtained in fully automated mode overnight in two sequences of 598 analyzes each one. Each analysis comprised 18 s of background acquisition, 18 s of sample ablation, and 25 s of washout. During 36 s of data acquisition, the signal of 206 Pb, 207 Pb, 208 Pb, 232 Th, and 238 U was detected by peak jumping in pulse-counting and analogue mode with a total integration time of ∼ 0.1 s, resulting in 360 mass scans. Each spot was pre-ablated with 8 laser pulses to remove surface contamination before analysis. Soda-lime glass NIST SRM-612 was used as primary reference material (spot size of 50 μm, 8 Hz) together with four carbonate reference materials, which were bracketed in between the analysis of samples.
Raw data were corrected offline with an in-house VBA spreadsheet program [7] . Following background correction, outliers ( ±2 σ ) were rejected based on the time-resolved 207 Pb/ 206 Pb, 208 Pb/ 206 Pb, 206 Pb/ 238 U, and 232 Th/ 238 U ratios. Such ratios were corrected for mass biases and drift over time, using NIST SRM-612. An additional matrix related offset was applied on the 206 Pb/ 238 U ratios (sequence 1: 21.5%, sequence 2: 19.6%) that was determined using WC-1 carbonate reference material [8] . The 206 Pb/ 238 U downhole-fractionation was estimated to be 3%, based on the common Pb corrected WC-1 analyzes, and was applied to all carbonate analyzes. Uncertainties for each isotopic ratio are the quadratic addition of the within run precision, counting statistic uncertainties, excess of scatter (calculated from NIST SRM-612) and the excess of variance (calculated from WC-1) after drift correction [9] . The systematic uncertainties considered are the decay constants uncertainties and the long-term reproducibility of the method (1.5%, 2 σ , calculated from repeated measurements ( n = 7) of ASH-15D between 2017 and 2019).
Carbonate reference materials were measured for quality control. Reference material B6 (41.86 ± 0.53 Ma and 42.12 ± 0.88 Ma) [10] was measured in sequences 1 and 2, whereas reference material ASH-15D (2.907 ± 0.210 Ma) [11] was measured in sequence 1. Results on the secondary reference materials indicate an accuracy and repeatability of the method of about 1.5-2%. Data were displayed in Tera-Wasserburg plots, and ages were calculated as lower concordiacurve intercepts using the same algorithms as Isoplot 4.14 [12] . All uncertainties are reported at the 2 σ level. Analytical results, Concordia graphs and a summary of the U-Pb results are reported in [1] .
For carbon and oxygen isotopes of vein cements and carbonate host rocks, 50-100 μm of samples were extracted with a microdrill. Each powered sample was reacted during four minutes with 100% phosphoric acid at 70 °C. The resultant CO 2 was analyzed following the method of [13] and using an automated Kiel Carbonate Device attached to a Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer Thermo Electron MAT-252 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For calibration, the inter- 47 measurements were performed at the California Institute of Technology (USA) in three different analytical sessions (May to July 2019) with an automated acid digestion and gas purification device coupled to a dual inlet Thermo MAT253 [14] . Samples were weighed into silver capsules ( ∼ 8 mg) and reacted in a common phosphoric acid bath ( ∼103%) for 20 min at 90 °C under static vacuum. The evolved CO 2 was passed through an ethanol/dry ice U-trap ( ∼ -80 °C) before being collected on a liquid nitrogen temperature (-196 °C) U-trap. Following the 20 min reaction period, the collected CO 2 was thawed, entrained in helium, and carried through a Porapak Q 120/80 mesh gas column held at -20 °C using He as the carrier gas. The purified CO 2 was analyzed using a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 Mass Spectrometer set to collect masses 44-49.
Mass 48 was only monitored to detect any hydrocarbon contaminant. δ 18 O and δ 13 C data were also acquired as part of each 47 analysis and calculated using the parameters reported relative to the PDB reference frame based on the calibrated composition of the laboratory working gas and the correction scheme and constants from [15] . To account for the temperature dependence of oxygen isotope fractionation between CO 2 gas and carbonate resulting from the reaction with phosphoric acid at 90 °C, fractionation factors of 1.00811 were used for calcite [16] . The raw 47 data was corrected for instrument non-linearity and scale compression [17] using several heated (at 10 0 0 °) and equilibrated gases (at 25 °C) of various bulk isotopic compositions that were run during each session. These gases were used to convert measurements into the interlaboratory absolute reference frame [17] . To guarantee accuracy of the 47 data, we routinely analyzed two carbonate reference materials (Carrara marble and TV04). One of these two carbonate standards was analyzed typically once for every five analyzes of the unknown samples to check for procedural analytical stability and accuracy, and to determine the long-term external reproducibility of our measurements. The 47 values obtained for these carbonates over the course of this study are: 47-CDES25 = 0.409 ± 0.016 ‰ (1SD, n = 10) for Carrara; 47-CDES25 = 0.6 6 6 ± 0.011 ‰ (1SD, n = 8) for TV04, i.e., within accepted 47 values for TV04 ( 47-CDES25 = 0.655 ‰ ) and Carrara ( 47-CDES25 = 0.405 ‰ ). Finally, the corrected 47 values were converted into temperatures using the composite 47 -T calibration of [5] , which has been shown to be appropriate for calcite and dolomite between 0 and 300 °C. The oxygen isotopic compositions of the water ( δ 18 O water ) from which the carbonates precipitated were calculated for each estimated T 47 using the bulk δ 18 O carb values and the calcite-water fractionation equation from [6] .
For 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios, powdered samples of calcite cements and host rock have been dissolved in 5 mL of 10% acetic acid and then centrifuged. The supernatant was dried and dissolved in 1 mL of 1M HNO 3 . The solid residue, resulted after evaporation, was diluted in 3 mL of 3M HNO 3 and then loaded into chromatographic columns to separate the Rb-free Sr fraction, using SrResin TM (crown-ether (4,4'(5')-di-t-butylcyclohexano-18-crown-6)) and 0.05M HNO 3 as eluent. After evaporation, samples were loaded onto a Re filament with 2 μL of Ta 2 O 5 and 1 μL of 1 M phosphoric acid. Analyzes of isotopic ratios have been performed in a TIMS-Phoenix mass spectrometer (Isotopx) according to a dynamic multicollection method, during 10 blocks of 16 cycles each one, maintaining a 88 Sr beam intensity of 3-V. Obtained ratios have been corrected for 87 Rb interferences and normalized with a 88 Sr/ 86 Sr = 0.1194 reference value, aiming at correcting possible mass fractionation during sample loading and analysis. The isotopic standard NBS-987 has been analyzed 6 times, yielding an average value of 0.710243 ± 0.0 0 0 0 09 (standard deviation, 2 σ ). NBS 987 data have been used to correct the sample ratios for standard drift from the certified value. The analytical error in the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio was 0.01% (referred to two standard deviations). The internal precision is 0.0 0 0 0 03. Sr procedural blanks were below 0.5 ng.
For the elemental composition, powdered samples of vein cements and host rocks were analyzed employing a magnetic sector field Element XR (HR-ICP-MS, high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, Thermo Fisher Scientific). In this case, the LR (low resolution) and the MR (medium resolution) have only been used. 100 mg of each powdered sample was firstly dried at 40 °C during 24 h and then acid digested in closed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vessels with a combination of HNO 3 + HF + HClO 4 (2.5 mL: 5 mL: 2.5 mL v/v). Samples have been evaporated and, to make a double evaporation, 1 mL of HNO 3 was added. Then, samples have been re-dissolved and diluted with MilliQ water (18.2 M Ω cm-1 ) and 1 mL of HNO 3 in a 100 mL volume flask. A tuning solution of 1 μg L −1 Li, B, Na, K, Sc, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga, Y, Rh, In, Ba, Tl, U was employed to improve the sensitivity of the ICP-MS and 20 mg L −1 of a monoelemental solution of 115 In were used as internal standard. Reference materials are the BCS-CRM n o 393 (ECRM 752-1) limestone, JA-2 andesite and JB-3 basalt. Precision of results is expressed in terms of two standard deviations of a set of eight reference materials measurements (reference material JA-2). Accuracy (%) has been calculated employing the absolute value of the difference between the measured values obtained during the analysis and the certified values of a set of eight reference material analysis (reference material BCS-CRM n o 393 for major oxides and JA-2 for trace elements). The DL (detection limit) has been calculated as three times the standard deviation of the average of ten blanks.

Ethics Statement
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Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.