Dataset for vulnerability model analysis in economically depressed areas

This paper presents data for the application of the vulnerability model in economically depressed areas, through social, economic and capacity variables, with the objective of promoting public policies that contribute to the economic development of the territory and its integration into the labor market [1]. We used the family and housing databases of the Socioeconomic and Environmental Characterization Survey of the community of San Juan in the city of Manta [2]. The study population comprises the inhabitants of Sitio San Juan in the city of Manta, due to the conditions of exclusion due to the negative evaluations of the place (oxidation ponds, municipal slaughterhouse, garbage dump, coal processing, among others), and due to "the scarce existence of databases of vulnerable sectors in the province of Manabí" [3], considering that the last national census was conducted in 2010. As for the sample design, the census-type sweep technique was applied. The data set helps to determine the vulnerability conditions of the territory, for the application of the proposed model; in addition, these data can be used to analyze the determinants of the conditions of unemployment, underemployment and poverty in which the inhabitants of the sector live. Likewise, they can be complemented with future research in regions with similar characteristics in Ecuador or other territories to promote public policies that allow them to improve their living conditions and encourage public or private investment for the generation of employment and poverty reduction.


a b s t r a c t
This paper presents data for the application of the vulnerability model in economically depressed areas, through social, economic and capacity variables, with the objective of promoting public policies that contribute to the economic development of the territory and its integration into the labor market [1] . We used the family and housing databases of the Socioeconomic and Environmental Characterization Survey of the community of San Juan in the city of Manta [2] . The study population comprises the inhabitants of Sitio San Juan in the city of Manta, due to the conditions of exclusion due to the negative evaluations of the place (oxidation ponds, municipal slaughterhouse, garbage dump, coal processing, among others), and due to "the scarce existence of databases of vulnerable sectors in the province of Manabí" [3] , considering that the last national census was conducted in 2010. As for the sample design, the census-type sweep technique was applied. The data set helps to determine the vulnerability conditions of the territory, for the application of the proposed model; in addition, these data can be used to analyze the determinants of the conditions of unemployment, underemployment and poverty in which the inhabitants of the sector live. Likewise, they can be complemented with future research in regions with similar characteristics in Ecuador or other territories to promote public policies that allow them to improve their living conditions and encourage public or private investment for the generation of employment and poverty reduction.  Table   Subject Economics, Econometrics and Finance Specific subject area Economic Development and Growth Type of data Table  Excel file Do-files for the Stata code How data were acquired Data were obtained from the survey based on two questionnaires (housing and family) prepared by a group of researchers. Data format Raw Analyzed Parameters for data collection Social, economic, and capacity variables were considered to determine the vulnerability conditions of the territory. Description of data collection Five complementary files are presented: the first contains the socioeconomic characteristics of the head of household and the population; the second analyzes the indicators of the socioeconomic vulnerability model; the third compiles the data in Excel for export to Stata; the fourth shares the do-file for the Stata code; and the fifth contains the original questionnaires applied in the survey. Table 1 contains the description of the variables extracted for the vulnerability model. Table 2, the socioeconomic characteristics of the head of household. Table 3, the vulnerability model. Table 4, household housing characteristics. Table 5, overcrowding per dwelling. Table 6, the availability of basic services in the dwellings. Table 7, the occupation of the head of household. Table 8, the average unemployment rate in the household. Table 9, the unemployment and underemployment rate of the population.

Value of the Data
• The data analyzed allow us to understand the persistent vulnerability in economically depressed sectors, as well as the rates of unemployment, underemployment, and unsatisfied basic needs, which measure the variables, social, economic, and household capacities of the San Juan de Manta community. • The data could motivate the insertion of projects of various actors of society (academy, public entities, NGOs, among others) to the economic reactivation of the sector; in addition, they are important for the competent entities to formulate public policies that meet the needs of vulnerable sectors, thus promoting the development of their territories.
• The data set could encourage the creation of deeper lines of research on the relationship among the determinants of employment, underemployment, and unemployment. • The data motivate the investigation of the conditions that characterize economically depressed areas, the application of models that allow to know the socioeconomic vulnerability of the territories, as well as the potential of the production capacities of their inhabitants, in such a way that they contribute to the economy of their territories. • For [4] , inequalities in the labor market and income distribution, as well as gender, ethnic and racial inequalities, lead workers to present vulnerabilities that increase poverty levels, especially in underprivileged territories, where the population tends to be deprived of access to basic services or is at greater risk of being deprived of such services, exposing them to the so-called "poverty and inequality traps" [5] . The importance of implementing the vulnerability model allows us to know the uncertainty of the poor population and the risk that the non-poor population presents of falling into poverty [6] . In addition, this model focuses on territorial spaces that have been segregated from the rest of the city and that live in precarious conditions, due to the environmental characteristics of the sector and the economic activities they develop.

Data Description
The data were extracted from the "San Juan Family Database" and the "San Juan Housing Database". The data set is presented in five complementary files: the first one compiles the variables: neighborhood, family composition, age, type of relationship, educational level, occupation of the head of household, work activity (working, not working), self-employment and source of income; variables to be processed: gender, age of the head of the household, educational level of the head of the household, educational level of the population group, economically active population, unemployment rate, underemployment rate, total household income. The second file collects the variables: Development Bonus, population identified as "Montubio", general IESS, educational level, branches of activity (primary and secondary sector), type of construction, floor material, rooms, family one, family two, family three, family four, latrines, well, river, tanker, rainwater, and persons per family; thus, the indicators of the socio-economic vulnerability model are processed. The third supplementary file presents the dataset exported to Stata for the social and economic characterization, as well as the unemployment and underemployment rate of the population; the fourth supplementary file presents the do-file for the Stata code. The fifth supplementary file presents the original questionnaires translated into English. Table 1 presents the description of the variables extracted and the data source for the construction of the vulnerability model.
The socioeconomic characteristics of the head of household are presented in Table 2 , with the variables: Neighborhood, age, gender, marital status, and educational level. In the supplementary file 1 (Sheet 4) the data analyzed in Table 2 are available and in sheet 3 the data extracted from the aforementioned database. Table 3 presents the data analyzed from the survey, to determine the indicators of the vulnerability model for economically depressed areas (Supplementary file 2). It consists of social, economic and capacity variables, which measure poverty by unsatisfied basic needs (including housing characteristics, overcrowding and accessibility to basic services); the population that receives economic assistance from the Government, with the Development Bonus; the population that identifies itself as part of the "Montubio" ethnic group 1 ; proportion of primary and secondary sector activities 2 ; informality, which is measured by the number of people affiliated  The Vulnerability Model states that the following variables are considered for the calculation of poverty due to unsatisfied basic needs: housing, overcrowding and accessibility to basic services. Table 4 shows the characteristics of the houses: predominant material of the walls, for the vulnerability model, only those made of reed and coated reed are considered, which show the level of poverty; as for the predominant floor of the houses, those made of soil, reed and wood are considered. The data show that 95 houses meet these characteristics. It should be noted that Table 4 totals 120 dwellings since some households meet all the characteristics of both the floor and the walls. The data can be found in Supplementary file 2 (sheet 5). Table 5 describes the overcrowding data, obtained from the total number of household members in relation to the number of rooms in the dwelling, considering that [9] establishes that the household is overcrowded when the number of people per bedroom is greater than three. Table 6 describes the accessibility of basic services, through the sanitary conditions of the house. For the analysis of these data, we consider the dwellings that have latrines (or do not have sanitary facilities), as well as the origin of the water received by the dwelling (well, river, tank, rainwater, and any other source other than the public network). Supplementary file 2 (Sheet 5) shows the data presented in Table 6 .     Table 7 presents the occupational activities of the head of the household, highlighting unskilled workers; and service workers and traders. From the data set, the 12 occupations are considered, categorized from 1 to 12 and are included in supplementary file 1 (Sheet 4). Table 8 shows the ranges of the average unemployment rate per household and the total economic income each household receives. The average household unemployment rate is obtained   Table 9 Unemployment and underemployment rates in the population.

Variables Agreed Weighting
Average unemployment rate in the population 0,17 Average rate of underemployment in the population 0,56 from the number of persons not working in relation to the EAP per household. For total income, all income items received by households are considered (wages and salaries, informal workagriculture, informal work -non-agriculture, other jobs, Development Bonus, Joaquín Gallegos Lara Bonus, 3 in-country shipments, and gifts). These data are available in Supplementary file 1 (Sheet 7). It is important to note that, according to [10] , for the year 2021, the basic family basket for a typical household of four people is 709.40 USD; and the vital family basket is 499.89 USD. Table 9 presents the average unemployment rate of the population; the data on non-working persons per household are considered in relation to the working-age population; and, for the underemployment rate, data on self-employed persons in relation to the number of working persons is used; in both cases, the average is calculated using Stata software. The data can be found in Supplementary file 1 (Sheet 6). Table 10 shows the educational levels of the total population (the description of this variable can be found in Supplementary file 1 -Sheet 1); the data are grouped using formulas in Microsoft Excel, which are available in Supplementary file 1 (Sheet 5).  Husband  41  138  209  44  78  10  1  521  Wife  29  138  258  60  79  12  1  577  Sons  77  3  174  87  107  94  16  558  Daughters  66  3  155  47  94  56  23  2  446  Other family  15  8  44  16  14  14  3  1  115  Total  158  84  649  617  319  321  64  2

Description of the Study Area
The city of Manta is the second most populated city in the province of Manabí, characterized for being an important seaport located on the central-south coast of Ecuador, facing the Pacific Ocean, in the center of the coastal region, which presents an accelerated demographic growth due to the dynamics of its economy developed by the fishing industry, vegetable oils, assembly plants and tourism. San Juan community is located southeast of the city and is part of its urban zone, where the municipal slaughterhouse, the garbage dump, 12 oxidation ponds, and several recycling companies are located, contributing to the environmental contamination of the sector and the city, due to bad odors and the proliferation of insects, which is aggravated by the inhabitants' activities of raising animals (chickens, pigs, and goats) and making charcoal without any restrictions or controls.
Approximately 2217 people live in San Juan community, distributed in five neighborhoods: Santa Marianita, San Juan, San José, San Ramón and Valle Claro; due to the previously described conditions that characterize the place, in the opinion of [11] "suffer multiple processes of discrimination: social class, ethnicity, and even environmental discrimination (topographically marginalized territories)" (p. 21) and consequently "become communities of recyclers", where informality, unemployment and underemployment predominate.

Collection of the Data Set
For the application of the survey, the census-type sweep technique was used in the five neighborhoods that make up the San Juan site. The survey was applied on February 1, 2019 from 08H00 to 16H00. The instrument used contains three parts: housing characteristics, environmental problems and household data. It collects a total of 71 questions of closed, open and multiple choice type, based on the Household Surveys and Population and Housing Census forms of the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Ecuador. For its application we counted with the participation of research professors of Economic Sciences, Agroindustry and Psychology of the Universidad Laica "Eloy Alfaro" of Manabí, 207 student surveyors, 19 student researchers in training, leaders of each neighborhood who were in charge of socializing and coordinating actions with the inhabitants of the sector and helped in the logistics and coordination in the collection of information. The surveys were conducted to the total population of the San Juan site, obtaining a population of 2217 inhabitants in 619 households.

Socioeconomic Vulnerability Model
The construction of the vulnerability model is based on the methodology developed by [1] , which includes social, economic and capacity variables. The first includes four indicators: per-

Data Availability
Encuesta de caracterización socioeconómica y del Sitio San Juan de la ciudad ambiental de Manta (Original data) (Mendeley Data) and Encuesta de caracterización socioeconómica y del Sitio San Juan de la ciudad ambiental de Manta (Reference data) (FAIRsharing.org).