Isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamics and reusability data on the adsorption of antidepressant onto silver nanoparticle-loaded biowaste

There has been an increase in the use of antidepressant drugs owing to significant economic challenges across the globe. Consequently, the increase in production of such drugs has impacted pharmaceutical pollution of industrial wastewaters discharged into the environment. Hence, there is a need to develop efficient adsorbents for antidepressant wastewater treatment. The impregnation of silver nanoparticles on biowaste was found to be highly effective in the treatment of oil-polluted water but has not been utilized in the adsorption of drugs. Herein, the dataset associated with the adsorption of antidepressants onto Ananas Comosus Peel (AP) and Silver nanoparticle-loaded Ananas Comosus peel (AgAP) was reported. Batch adsorption methodology was used to study the effect of antidepressant concentration (10–50 mg/L), sonication time (10–120 min), temperature (300–320 K) and adsorbent dosage (0.10–0.18 g). The concentration of antidepressant (Nortriptyline) in solution before and after adsorption was determined by the UV-Spectrophotometer at a maximum wavelength of 239 nm. The isotherm dataset was obtained from the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Raduskevich models, while kinetic data was evaluated by the pseudo-first order-pseudo-second-order, film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion rate equations. The data on the thermodynamics and adsorbent reusability were also provided. The dataset showed an adsorption capacity of 3.27 mg/g and 4.74 mg/g for AP and AgAP, respectively. The dataset is important to material and environmental scientists and revealed the efficiency of AP and AgAP in the treatment of antidepressant wastewater.


a b s t r a c t
There has been an increase in the use of antidepressant drugs owing to significant economic challenges across the globe. Consequently, the increase in production of such drugs has impacted pharmaceutical pollution of industrial wastewaters discharged into the environment. Hence, there is a need to develop efficient adsorbents for antidepressant wastewater treatment. The impregnation of silver nanoparticles on biowaste was found to be highly effective in the treatment of oil-polluted water but has not been utilized in the adsorption of drugs. Herein, the dataset associated with the adsorption of antidepressants onto Ananas Comosus Peel (AP) and Silver nanoparticle-loaded Ananas Comosus peel (AgAP) was reported. Batch adsorption methodology was used to study the effect of antidepressant concentration (10-50 mg/L), sonication time (10-120 min), temperature (300-320 K) and adsorbent dosage (0.10-0.18 g). The concentration of antidepressant (Nortriptyline) in solution before and after adsorption was determined by the UV-Spectrophotometer at a maximum wavelength of 239 nm. The isotherm dataset was obtained from the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Raduskevich models, while kinetic data was evaluated by the pseudo-first order-pseudo-second-order, film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion rate equations. The data on the thermodynamics and adsorbent reusability were also provided. The dataset showed an adsorption capacity of 3.27 mg/g and 4.74 mg/g for AP and AgAP, respectively. The dataset is important to material and environmental scientists and revealed the efficiency of AP and AgAP in the treatment of antidepressant wastewater. ©

Value of the Data
• The dataset is essential to elucidate how the impregnation of silver nanoparticles on biowaste impacts the adsorption capacity for antidepressants sequestrated from contaminated water. • Dataset provides valuable information on how variations in temperature, time, drug concentration, and material dosage influence the uptake of antidepressants onto nanoparticlesloaded biowaste. • The data on the isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics can be used by Chemical Engineers for the design of adsorption systems in the treatment of drug contaminated waters. • The data can be used by Environmental scientists for comparison of the adsorption performance of the material with newly synthesized adsorbents. • The dataset helps in fostering the development of efficient adsorbent materials for the disinfection of antidepressant drug polluted waters to abate the increasing pollution of environmental waters. • The data also provides significant insights into the reuse of silver nanoparticles-loaded biowaste for the adsorption of drugs as an eco-friendly material to preserve water quality.

Data Description
The data on the adsorption of antidepressants from contaminated solution onto Ananas comosus peel (AP) and silver nanoparticles-loaded Ananas Comosus peel (AgAP) are reported in this article. The effects of initial drug concentration, temperature, sonication time and adsorbent dose on drug adsorption are presented in Fig. 1 . The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich model plots used to analyze equilibrium isotherm parameters are illustrated in Fig. 2 , while the obtained isotherm parameters are presented in Table 1 . Moreover, the Pseudofirst-order, Pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion and film diffusion kinetic model plots for the adsorption process are illustrated in Fig. 3 , while the calculated kinetic parameters are presented in Table 2 . In addition, the Van't Hoffs thermodynamic plot for the adsorption of the antidepressant onto AP and AgAP is shown in Fig. 4 and the thermodynamic parameters obtained are presented in Table 3 . The reusability of AP and AgAP for drug adsorption is illustrated in Fig. 5 . All related primary data are deposited on Mendeley Data (DOI: 10.17632/pk98wm9j52.1). The raw data associated with the effect of adsorbent dose on adsorption is presented (Dataset 1), while Dataset 2 is the raw data for the effect of concentration and isotherm of the adsorption process. The raw data associated with the influence of time and kinetics is provided in Dataset 3. In addition, Dataset 4 is the raw data associated with the effect of temperature and thermodynamics on antidepressant adsorption onto AP and AgAP.

Materials preparation
The Pineapple ( Ananas Comosus ) biowaste was obtained from Checkers, Mimosa mall, Bloemfontein, South Africa. The preparation and characterization of the Ananas Comosus peel (AP) biowaste adsorbent and silver nanoparticles-loaded Ananas Comosus peel (AgAP) adsorbent have been described in our previous work [1] . In this preparation, the pineapple peels were removed manually with a knife and washed with tab water to remove surface impurities. The washed peels were then cut into smaller sizes, then sundried for 48 h, followed by oven drying at 80 °C for 2 h in a laboratory oven (Labcon model). The dried peels were powdered using the mortar and pestle, followed by the addition of 200 mL of 0.1 M nitic acid to 40 g of the powder. The mixture was stirred for 1 h, then washed with water until pH 7.0, followed by oven-drying at 70 °C for 24 h. The sample was then pulverized and passed through a 100-μm mesh screen to obtain the AP adsorbent. The silver nanoparticle-loaded Ananas Comosus (AgAP) was synthesized by contacting 10.0 g of AP (without nitric acid treatment) with 100 mL of silver nitrate solution contained in a beaker on a hotplate. The silver nitrate solution was initially stirred at 30 °C for 30 min with a magnetic stirrer prior to the addition of the AP. The mixture was stirred for 2 h, followed by the addition of 3 mL (1% trisodium citrate) with further stirring for 8 h. Thereafter, the mixture was left to settle for 30 min, then centrifuged at 80 0 0 rpm for 1 h. This was followed by washing with excess water until pH 7.0, centrifuging and then oven drying at 70 °C for 24 h. The powder was then pulverized and passed through a 100-μm mesh screen to obtain the as-prepared AgAP adsorbent.

Antidepressant adsorption, desorption, and reusability
The antidepressant (Nortriptyline) was obtained in its hydrochloric form (Nortriptyline hydrochloride) from Sigma Aldrich, South Africa, and used without further purification. The adsorption of the antidepressant onto AP and AgAP was performed by batch adsorption technique. In a typical procedure, 100 mg/L stock solution of the antidepressant was prepared followed by serial dilutions of the stock to concentrations of 10-50 mg/L. Thereafter, 0.10 g of adsorbent was added to 10 mL of 50 mg/L antidepressant solutions at pH 7.0 and ultra-sonicated for 120 min at a room temperature of 300 K, then filtered. The concentration of antidepressants remaining in solution after adsorption was then determined by the UV-Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1800 model) at a maximum wavelength of 239 nm. The effect of adsorbent dosage (0.10-0.18 g), sonication time (10-180 min) and temperature (300-320 K) was also studied by varying the factor of interest while keeping the others constant at the optimum conditions. The percentage removal and adsorption capacity (mg/g) of the materials were calculated respectively [2] : Where C o and C e in mg/L correspond to the initial and equilibrium antidepressant concentrations in solution, respectively, V (L) is the volume of solution used and m (g) is the mass of AP and AgAP used in adsorption.
The desorption experiment was carried out by contacting the antidepressant-loaded adsorbents with 15 mL of ethanol with constant stirring for 10 min. Thereafter the solution was left to settle and the ethanol decanted before drying the regenerated adsorbents in the oven at 100 °C for 3 h. The regenerated AP and AgAP were then reused for antidepressant adsorption and four adsorption-desorption cycles were performed to ascertain the reusability. Each adsorption and desorption experiment was performed twice and the mean value was computed for quality assurance.

Isotherm modeling
The isotherm modeling of antidepressant adsorption onto AP and AgAP was evaluated using four adsorption isotherms, namely; Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models given respectively [ 3 , 4 ]: log q e = log K F + 1 n log C e (4) ln q e = ln q m + βε 2 Where C e (mg/L) and q e (mg/g) corresponds to the equilibrium dye concentration and adsorption capacity, respectively. K L (L/mg) is the Langmuir constant and q L (mg/g) is ascribed to the maximum monolayer capacity. The n and K F (L/g) are Freundlich constants corresponding to the adsorption intensity and uptake capacity, respectively, The constants q m (mg/g) and β (mol 2 /J 2 ) are the Dubinin-Radushkevich constants and ε is the Polanyi potential, while B and A (L/mg) corresponds to the Temkin heat of adsorption and binding energy, respectively.

Kinetic modeling
The kinetics of antidepressant uptake onto AP and AgAP were evaluated by four kinetic models, namely, Pseudo-first-order (PF), Pseudo-second-order (PS), Intraparticle diffusion (ID) and film diffusion (FD) models equations, given respectively [5][6][7] : Where q t (mg/g) is the adsorption capacity at time t (min), K I, K 2, K d, and K FD corresponds to the rate constants of the PF, PS, ID, and FD kinetic models, respectively. Y and C are the intercepts of the FD and ID models, while F is the fractional equilibrium attainment.

Adsorption thermodynamics
The thermodynamic parameters for the uptake of antidepressants onto AP and AgAP were elucidated from the Gibbs free energy and Van't Hoff equations, given respectively as [ 8 , 9 ]: Where G °, H °and S °correspond to the changes in free energy, enthalpy and entropy, respectively, R (8.314 J/mol K) is the universal gas constant, K c is the equilibrium constant and T (K) is the absolute temperature.

Ethics Statements
Not applicable.

Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have or could be perceived to have influenced the work reported in this article.