Petrographic and geochemical data of high alkaline basalts, Sisaket Terrain, NE Thailand

This data article presents mineralogical and geochemical data of high alkaline basalts in Sisaket province, the southern part of Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand. Under the polarized light microscope, the photomicrographs divided the basalts into olivine basalt and alkaline basalt with four textures: aphanitic, porphyritic, vesicular, and diabase. These basaltic rocks comprise olivine microphenocrysts associated with labradorite-anorthite (An66-94), clinopyroxene, opaque minerals groundmass. In addition, nepheline is only found in alkaline basalt as groundmass. Major oxides (Na2O+K2O and SiO2) suggest that Sisaket basalts are basalt, basanite, trachy basalt, and basaltic trachy-andesite. High ratio Nb/Y and low Zr/Ti classify these basalts as alkaline basalt and basanite.


Value of the Data
• These data could be advantages for the department of mineral resources, department of primary industries and Mines, and other universities or academic centres related to geological sciences, which need these to study petrochemistry and tectonics evolution. • The database can be linked with other applied sciences for increasing research values such as remote sensing, geophysics, and engineering geology. • The geochemical data of these rocks could help the department of agriculture develop their (parent rock/soil) research and agricultural area-based planning. • The database could be compared with the data from other experiments for further insights and reducing analysis costs. It could be the chemical data standard of rock for other Thai institutions. • In humid climates or tropical zone such as Thailand, in situ weathering of high alkaline basalt is almost the main source of potential soil, therefore, the continuous monitoring of the quality of these valuable resources is very necessary for agricultural industries.
Sisaket province is located in the southern part of the Khorat Plateau, part of Indochina Terrain. This city demonstrates many geologic resources related to Cenozoic basalt, i.e., gemstone (sapphire), agricultural areas planted volcano Durian. Sisaket Cenozoic basalts (bs) erupted and flowed on the Cretaceous to Tertiary sedimentary rocks of Khorat Group: Khok Kruat (K kk ) and Mahasarakham (KT ms ) Formations [7][8][9] as shown in Fig. 1 .

Experimental Design, Materials and Methods
The  ( Table 4 ). Sample PG1-3 were collected from Phu Ngoen, while PF1-4 were representative samples of Phu Fai. In addition, sample PK1-5 were taken from Phu Kom, while PM1-2 were from Phu Kamin. Outcrops always exhibit as road-cut (PF2-4 and PG1) and open-pit mining (PG2-3, Table 3 Whole-rocks analysis for trace elements and rare earth elements (ppm) by ICP-MS and ICP-OES.  V  149  136  165  161  163  160  163  189  W  87  111  58  32  107  68  47  42  Zn  94  92  96  149  96  92  110  125   Table 4 Location, sample number, character of outcrops and rock samples. PK5, and PM1-2) with sandstone xenoliths, excluding PF1, PG1, PK1-4 that were presented from in situ rocks at small hills. Fourteen samples were collected from the study area and made thin sections for petrographic studying with the polarized light microscope. Photomicrograph analysis was done by ZEN core Imaging Software, linking ZEISS imaging and microscope solutions at the Department of Geotechnology, Khon Kaen University.
Loss on ignition (LOI) was analyzed by heating a platinum crucible containing a 1.0 g sample (measure three-time for each sample) in a furnace at 10 0 0 °C for 12 h at the Department of Architecture Khon Kaen University.
For loss on ignition (LOI) content, the first step of the parameter is a crucible and rock powder weight before putting them to the furnace. Calculate loss on ignition by weight of rock powder before and after flaming as follow: Where LOI = loss on ignition W sumbef = weight of crucible with rock sample before heating W sumaft = weight of crucible with rock sample after heating W rockbef = weight of rock sample before heating W rockaft = weight of rock sample after heating The geochemistry was studied using a Phillip-MagixPro PW 2400 Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer at the Department of Geological Sciences, Chiang Mai University, for analyzing major elements (SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe total as Fe 2 O 3 , MnO, MgO, CaO, Na 2 O, K 2 O, and P 2 O 5 ). The eight least-alters were selected for their trace elements (Rb, Sr, Zr, Y, Nb, Ni, Cr, V, Sc, Hf, Th, and Ta) and rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb). These samples (less than 200 mesh/75 microns) were analyzed using a Sodium Peroxide Fusion combined with inductively coupled plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) at the SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services Co., Ltd., China. Three fluxes, sodium carbonate, sodium peroxide, and sodium hydroxide, are potent combinations. Low sample/flux ratios combined with a proper dilution yield a solution with acceptable total dissolved solids levels for analysis. The fusion of this sample preparation procedure takes place at low temperatures (about 500 °C), which prevents the loss of volatile components.

Ethics Statement
This data article is the authors' original work, which has not been previously published elsewhere. In addition, the data reflect the authors' own research and analysis truthfully and completely. On the other hand, all sources used are correctly disclosed (correct citation).

Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare to have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have or could be perceived to have influenced the work reported in this article.