Western Carpathian mid-Permian Magmatism: Petrographic, geochemical, and geochronological data

This study presents geochemical and geochronological data from rock samples collected from the Western Carpathian mountains, eastern Slovakia. Granite assemblages that intrude the Gemeric and Veporic Superunits were imaged using a petrographic microscope to determine rock textures and their mineral assemblages. Zircon grains from seven individual portions of the Gemeric granites (Hnilec, Betliar, Elisabeth Mine, Poproč plutons) and one from the Veporic unit (Klenovec pluton) were dated using Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). Eight individual portions of the Gemeric unit's Betliar pluton and seven from the Klenovec granite were analyzed for major and trace elements using Fusion Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and Fusion ICP-mass spectrometry. We also report detrital zircon ages from a radiolarite from the Meliata Unit that overlies blueschist and harzburgite-lizardite serpentinite assemblages near the city of Dobšiná, Slovakia. We applied X-ray Diffraction to a sample from the serpentine rocks, which reveal the presence of lizardite. The data are available for re-use to compare to future analyses of these Permian-age granites found in the Carpathian Mountains or similar Permiam assemblages elsewhere more broadly. Data reported in this article relates to G. Villaseñor, E.J. Catlos, I. Broska, M. Kohút, Ľ. Hraško, K. Aguilera, T.M. Etzel, J.R. Kyle, and D.F. Stockli, Evidence for widespread mid-Permian magmatic activity related to rifting following the Variscan orogeny (Western Carpathians), 2021, Lithos.

ages from a radiolarite from the Meliata Unit that overlies blueschist and harzburgite-lizardite serpentinite assemblages near the city of Dobšiná, Slovakia. We applied X-ray Diffraction to a sample from the serpentine rocks, which reveal the presence of lizardite. The data are available for re-use to compare to future analyses of these Permian-age granites found in the Carpathian Mountains or similar Permiam assemblages elsewhere more broadly. Data reported in this article relates to G. Villaseñor

Value of the Data
• Data obtained from the Inner Western Carpathian's Gemeric and Veporic granites provide critical information about their petrologic and tectonic history. • Gemeric and Veporic granite ages provide insight into the assembly of the Inner Western Carpathian mountains. • Researchers can compare results to other extensional-related Permian felsic alkaline magmatism exposed from the Western Mediterranean through the Western Carpathians to the Central and Southern Alps. • The data can be re-used to provide further insights regarding European plate motions from the Permian to Triassic.

Data Description
We present zircon ages and geochemical data from granite plutons that intrude the Gemeric and Veporic Superunits. We report detrital zircon ages from a radiolarite from the Meliata Unit that overlies blueschist and serpentinite assemblages near the city of Dobšiná, Slovakia. The base of the Meliata Unit in the Dobšiná locality is a highly altered blueschist marble mélange complex, and we present X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data from those rocks to better clarify their mineral chemistry. Sample names and locations are listed in Table 1 .
The next two tables provide major and trace element geochemistry from the Betliar and Klenovec granite assemblages. Fig. 13 presents XRD data from two samples collected from altered serpentinite samples TT08D and TT08H.
Details regarding the geochronological data from the zircons grains dated in this study are available as Excel Spreadsheets. Table 4. Excel spreadsheet of the zircon geochronological data obtained using SIMS. Table 5. Excel spreadsheet of the zircon geochronological data obtained using LA-ICP-MS.  Measured but below detection limits: Cr and Ni < 20 ppm, Cu < 10 ppm, Mo < 2 ppm, Ag < 0.5 ppm, In < 0.2 ppm.

X-ray diffraction
X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data were obtained using a Bruker D8 Advance, which provides routine, qualitative mineral identification in rock powders. We analyzed powdered serpentinite assemblages TT08D and TT08H. Samples for XRD were carefully ground rock powders. Data were interpreted using automation software with integrated pattern analysis by Bruker EVA and Topas using the International centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) Powder Diffraction File-2 (PDF-2).

Geochronology
Granite samples TT51 (Hnilec), IR19A and B, and IR20A and B (Betliar), TT07 (Elisabeth Mine), TT49 (Popro č), and TT48 (Veporic, Klenovec), and sedimentary rock sample TT08 were subjected to common mineral separation techniques to extract zircon grains (150-200 μm in length). All were examined optically during the mounting process to select euhedral grains and eliminate the analysis of cracked or metamict zircons. Zircons from samples IR19A and B from Betliar Pluton were mounted on double-sided tape, and whole grains were dated using an Element2 High Resolution (HR)-ICP-MS with an Excimer (192 nm) laser ablation system instrumentation in the Geo-Thermochronometry lab at the University of Texas at Austin. LA-ICP-MS analytical procedures are similar to [1] . All other zircons were mounted in epoxy with a set of AS3 zircon reference (1099.1 ± 0.5 Ma) [2] and polished to expose cross-sections for further imaging using cathodoluminescence (CL). These zircons were dated using both LA-ICP-MS and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) using a CAMECA IMS 1280-HR at UCLA. For SIMS analysis, we also used secondary age standards R33 (419 Ma) [3] , Plešovice (337 Ma) [4] , and zircon U/Th standard 91500 (1065 ±0.3 Ma, U = 81.2 ppm, Th = 28.6 ppm [5] ). The use of standard 91500 allows an estimation of zircon spot U and Th contents. For LA-ICP-MS analysis, elemental and  DISC = discordant age and is not reported. Arrowheads indicate the locations of brighter yellow CL zones on the edges of zircon from TT48 sample, which is a characteristic of zircons from this sample. Note that some of the red lines seen in zircons in panels B and C are an artifact of the scanning process. Panels A, F, and H are published also in [10] .
isotopic fractionation of Pb/U and Pb isotopes, respectively, is corrected by interspersed analysis of primary and secondary zircon standards with a known age (GJ1) [6] and Pak1, an internal age standard. Excel Tables provide details of the geochronological data (see Texas Scholar Works, University of Texas Libraries, direct URL to data: https://doi.org/10.18738/T8/PFWPNR ).
Before SIMS analysis, mounts were cleaned in Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) disodium salt dehydrate (C 10 H 14 N 2 Na 2 O 8 ·2H 2 O) followed by methanol and distilled water to reduce the potential for common Pb contamination [7] , followed by coating in gold. An oxygen beam (~20 μm spot size) sputtered isotopes of U, Th, and Pb from the surface to a depth of < 5 μm on the zircon grain. Given the small amount of sample consumed, the approach is minimally destructive and allows for future analysis of these grains by LA-ICP-MS.
During SIMS analysis, a 10-15 nA 16 O primary beam focused to a spot 10-15 μm diameter to generate + 10 kV secondary ions. The mass resolution was set to ~70 0 0, and oxygen flooding was applied to increase Pb + yields. A 30 s pre-sputtering time allowed the removal of Arrowheads indicate the locations of brighter yellow CL zones on the edges of zircon from this sample. Some of the faint red lines seen in some of the zircons are an artifact of the scanning process. Panels C, D, and E are published also in [10] . potential surficial contamination. For each analysis, secondary ion intensities were acquired in nine magnet cycles through the species 94 Zr 2 16 O, 204 Pb, 206 Pb, 207 Pb, 208 Pb, 232 Th, 238 U, and 238 U 16 O. Zircon standards R33 ( n = 24), 91,500 ( n = 3), and Plešovice ( n = 6) were run initially, followed by AS3 grains ( n = 47). The AS3 was also analyzed after every five to six unknown spots. A calibration curve of UO + / U + = 1.561(Pb + / U + , Relative Sensitivity Factor) + 4.229 ±0.087 reproduced the 238 U-206 Pb age of AS3 to 1103 ±56 Ma ( ±1 σ ). Standard 91,500 yields a 238 U-206 Pb age of 1077.3 ± 62.0 Ma. Twenty-four spots on standard R33 yield 419.5 ± 24.1 Ma, and six on Plešovice yield 329.9 ± 18.4 Ma. The age uncertainty is an estimate for analytical precision. The UO + / U + values sputtered from the AS3 grains average 6.448 ±0.034, with a range of 6.046 ±0.040 to 6.879 ±0.087. Ideally, the unknown lies between those values for the best precision. All analyses on reference zircon AS3 were reduced using a common 204 Pb correction, whereas the unknown grains were subjected to 208 Pb corrections. SIMS data reduction, Concordia diagrams, and age calculations were performed using the software package ZIPS (v3.1.1; Chris Coath, University of Bristol). Common Pb corrections were applied using the evolution model of [8] and decay constants and ratios recommended by [9] . Uncertainties of the decay constants are included in all U-Pb ages. All SIMS ages discussed in the text are 238 U-206 Pb ages and are reported with ±1 σ uncertainty.
Due to the larger uncertainty in the SIMS ages, we applied LA-ICP-MS geochronology to generate higher-precision results from more zircons grains. In this approach, an ablated dry aerosol is introduced into the HR-ICP-MS using ultra-high purity He carrier gas for 238 U-232 Th and 206 Pb-208 Pb isotopic measurements using ion-counting. Each analysis consisted of a two-pulse cleaning ablation, a background measurement taken with the laser off, a 30 s measurement with Some of the faint red lines seen in some of the zircons are an artifact of the scanning process. Panels B, F, K, and L are published also in [10] . the laser firing, and a 30 s cleaning cycle. The laser spot size used 30 μm. Common Pb was corrected using the measured 204 Pb (Hg-corrected) and assuming the initial composition reported by [8] . The unknown to standard measurement ratio was generally 3:1 or 4:1. Uncertainty resulting from calibration correction is generally 1-2% for both 206 Pb/ 207 Pb and 206 Pb/ 238 U. We report the 238 U-206 Pb age if the zircon was less than 850 Ma and the 207 Pb-206 Pb age if the grain was older than 850 Ma. We selected data used for age calculations using time-resolved isotope ratio traces during ablation to limit the possibility of mixed ages, as changes in U and Pb isotopic values could be detected as the laser penetrated the grain. Ages were filtered for concordance, and all are presented in the Excel files.  The dated spots are circled in each panel. Some of the faint red lines seen in some of the zircons are an artifact of the scanning process. Panels A, E, F, G, and H are published also in [10] .

Ethics Statement
This presents original research. When we have used the work of others, this has been appropriately cited or quoted.

Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have or could be perceived to have influenced the work reported in this article.