Petrological, geochemical (major, trace, and rare earth elements), and U–Pb zircon data of the Tamatán Group, NE Mexico

From samples of the Paleozoic Tamatán Group (Huizachal–Peregrina Anticlinorium, Tamaulipas, Mexico), petrographic (qualitative and modal) and geochemical analyses (major, trace, and rare earth elements) were conducted. The first U–Pb geochronological data on detrital zircons of the Tamatán Group were generated using four samples. The data presented here contains a broad overview of photomicrography, recalculated modal point-count data, raw geochemical data, and simple statistics of selected geochemical parameters. The data presented in this article are interpreted and discussed in the research article titled “Provenance and tectonic setting of the Tamatán Paleozoic sequence, NE Mexico: Implications for the closure of the Rheic Ocean at the northwestern part of Gondwana” [1].


Value of the Data
• First comprehensive data set of selected data from the Paleozoic Tamatán Group, NE México, including petrográphical, geochemical, and Uran/Lead data of all described formations. • Important information to complete an integrated geological model for the Northwestern Margin of Gondwana and adjacent areas. • Raw-, and processed data to work with studies of tectonic activity, weathering, and provenance of the Paleozoic sequences of NE Mexico and sedimentary rocks of comparable tectonic settings. This set also includes data which are not used in the related research article to be useful for further investigations.

This Article
This article provides selected data from 105 samples (for the complete data set, please consult [2] ). From 70 samples, photomicrographs were taken and point-counted and modal analyses on recalculated petrographic parameters were provided. Geochemical analyses (major, trace, and rare earth elements [REE]) of 73 samples were conducted. Four samples for U-Pb geochronological zircon analyses were made. The sample location is given with the geographical and UTM coordinates of each sample. Each sample is located on a geological map. The petrographic and geochemical data are presented as raw data and displayed as a simple statistic of the selected petrography and geochemical parameters, respectively. Additionally, outcrop photographs are provided.

Supplemantary Data Set
The supplementary data set provides the complete data from 105 samples. From 70 samples, photomicrographs were taken and point-counted and modal analyses on recalculated petrographic parameters were provided. Four samples for U-Pb geochronological zircon analyses were made. The sample location is given with the geographical and UTM coordinates of each sample. Each sample is located on a geological map.Outcrop photographs are provided. Geochemical analyses (major, trace, and rare earth elements [REE]) of 73 samples were conducted. The petrographic and geochemical data are presented as raw data and displayed as a simple statistic of the selected petrography and geochemical parameters, respectively. Petrographical and geochemical compositional data and its arithmetic mean and confidence limits (95% and 99%, respectively) are plotted into the most common diagrams offered by several authors. The supplementary data set contains single zircon CL-images and best ages of each zircon ( < 400 grains) of the Cañón de Caballeros Formation, the Vicente Guerrero Formation, the Del Monte Formation, and the Guacamaya Formation. Also single grain CL-images of each measured zircon of the Siderian, Statherian, Calymmian, Ectasian, Stenian, Tonian, Cryogenian, Ediacaran, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, Permian, and Triassicages, amplified from the Figs. 46-49. The images are arranged in descending order of the best ages.

Experimental Design, Materials and Methods
The cartographic basis for the fieldwork comprised topographical maps of the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) on a scale of 1:10,0 0 0 and is based on geological maps proposed by Stewart et al. [17] and [18] . The outcrops ( Fig. 1 ) and sample sites were located on the geological map. A detailed description of the sampling and sample processing is given in Table 1 .
Thin sections, documented in Tables 6-9 , are characterized and photographed using a Leica MC170HD polarization microscope and a HC FL PLAN 2.5 × 0.07 camera under parallel and crossed Nicols conditions. According to the Gazzi-Dickinson technique to minimize the effects of the size of the clasts, modal analyses were performed on 71 samples by counting 40 0-60 0 points. The modal composition and statistical parameters of the point counting were based on previous works [ 3 , 5 , 6 , 4 , 9 , 8 ]. The 95% and 99% confidence intervals for Student's t -test [7] were plotted in optically distinct shades (see Figs. 12-20 ; Tables 2-5 ).
The analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for major elements and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for trace elements at ACME Analytical Laboratories Ltd. in Vancouver, Canada. The analyses are provided in Table 9 . For this data collection, the distributions of the elements in the random samples were described using the arithmetic mean and confidence limits (95% and 99%, respectively) supplied by Student's t -test ( [7]).
Four samples underwent U-Pb geochronological analysis. A detailed description of the geochronological processing and analytic methods is given [1] . The raw and processed data of selected samples are listed in Tables 14 , 16 , 18 , and 20 . The four samples were processed following standard procedures at the geology department of Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada Baja California. U-Pb data were analyzed in zircon grains using laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the Central Analytical Facilities, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. All the geochronological data were plotted into the Wetherill Concordia and relative age probability diagram [19] .

Table 4
Percentage of the point-counting data.

Table 5
Recalculated modal and ternary index data.

Table 6
Photmicrographies of thin sections from the Cañón de Caballeros formation (Upper Silurian-Lower Devonian).

Table 7
Photmicrographies of thin sections from the Vicente Guerrero formation (Mississippian).

Table 8
Photmicrographies of thin sections from the Del Monte formation (Pennsylvanian).

Table 9
Photmicrographies of thin sections from the Guacamaya formation (Permian).

Table 10
Geochemical parameters of selected samples from the Cañon de Caballeros and Vicente Guerrero formations.

Table 11
Geochemical parameters of selected samples from the Vicente Guerrero and Del Monte formations.

Table 12
Simple statistics of the selected geochemical parameters of the Tamatán Group.

Ethics Statement
• This material is the authors' own original work, which has not been previously published elsewhere. • The paper is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere.
• The paper reflects the authors' own research and analysis in a truthful and complete manner.
• The paper properly credits the meaningful contributions of co-authors and co-researchers.
• The results are appropriately placed in the context of prior and existing research.
• All sources used are properly disclosed (correct citation). • All authors have been personally and actively involved in substantial work leading to the paper, and will take public responsibility for its content. • No information obtained for experimentation with human subjects was used.
• No information obtained for experimentation with animals was used.