Thermal behavior of a two-story concrete building under controlled winter and heat wave scenarios in the sense-city equipment through temperature, flux and energy consumption dataset

The article describes thermal datasets collected in a two-story concrete building of the Sense-City equipment during various controlled climatic scenarios. Using the Sense-City climatic chamber, we reproduced stationary thermal conditions, a typical winter climate of the south of France and Paris 2003 heat wave. Each of the three scenarios has a duration of about one week. The datasets contain temperature, heat flux and energy consumption sensor outputs. In [1], the stationary conditions data were exploited for an experimental identification of thermal characteristics of the building whereas the winter and the heat wave data were used in a goal-oriented model updating technique. The datasets can also be useful to validate modeling and simulation.


Specifications
Engineering (General) Specific subject area Thermal building behavior Type of data Table  Figure Plan How data were acquired The used sensors are as the following: • Temperature in the rooms and in the soil: PT100 4-wires probes (model: The sensor outputs were collected from a two-story building under controlled climatic scenarios using the Sense-City climatic chamber. No human occupancy in the building and no sun light were considered in the experiments. The measurement was performed with a time step of 15 min. Description of data collection All the sensors were plugged into a PEGASE data acquisition card that sent the measured data to a web server through a WiFi connection. Data

Value of the Data
• The thermal behavior of the two-story building was monitored using more than 30 sensors for three different climates (stationary conditions, winter and heat wave) under fully controlled conditions in a climatic chamber. • These data can be valuable for researchers, engineers and students.
• The thermal datasets can be used to test methods for the identification of thermal building characteristics such as the thermal resistance of walls. It can also be interesting for the validation and the calibration of building thermal models and simulation software. • The datasets can be exploited in practical sessions for master student classes. For example, students can build the building numerical mock-up, select a thermal building model and compare the numerical results with the experimental data. • These data can help us improve our understanding of the thermal behavior of buildings. This understanding is very useful in the context of global warming. Fig. 1 shows a picture of the two-story building of the Sense-City equipment, which is located on the campus of Université Gustave Eiffel at Champs-sur-Marne (France). It has a 40 m 2 area ( 10 m × 4 m ) and 6 m height.    Fig. 2 . The first floor, which corresponds to an open-space with two offices (named "Office 1 and "Office 2), is illustrated on the right in Fig. 2 . In the experiments, the removable wall was not installed to separate the two offices in the first floor.

Data Description
The access to the first floor is provided by an outside staircase. The detailed map of the building is given in the supplementary file "Building_plan.pdf". The building is made of reinforced concrete without insulation. Its envelope (walls and floors) is only made of 200 mm precast concrete walls. The first floor consists of 5 rooms (see top of Fig. 2 and the building map in the supplementary "Building_plan.pdf"). They are all of different areas and usages (see Table 1 ) and are separated by 72 mm thick concrete walls. On the first floor, the socalled "GF1" and "GF3" rooms are equipped with a geothermal heating floor that can be fueled by a heat pump. The second floor is an open-space with two offices (Office 1 and Office 2). The building is equipped with two controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) systems (simple and double flow) and an air conditioning system. For our application, only the simple-flow CMV was used.  In [1] , we considered a two-zone physical model to describe the thermal behavior of the building. The zones, walls and floors notations, e.g. "Z1-N" (North oriented wall in Zone 1) and "Z1-Z2-IF" (Intermediate floor between Zone 1 and Zone 2) are defined in Fig. 3 . These notations are used to reference the position of the sensors in the datasets. Fig. 4 shows the distribution of the temperature and the heat flux sensors in the building. The yellow circles correspond to sensors for the monitoring of the ambient temperature of the rooms whereas yellow stars are associated with sensors to measure temperature on wall and floor surfaces. On the ground floor, 4 temperature sensors (resp. 3 temperature sensors) were used to measure the ambient temperature of the rooms "GF1", "GF2", "GF3" and "GF4" (resp. to measure the surface temperature on the lower floor in rooms "GF1", "GF2" and "GF3"). On the first floor, the ambient temperature of the open-space is monitored by two temperature sensors distributed in Office 1 and in Office 2, the temperature of the inside and the outside faces of South and East oriented walls are recorded, another temperature sensor is positioned on the surface of the floor (close to the South wall) and two heat flux sensors are placed on the inside and outside faces of the East oriented wall.
Raw data associated with the stationary conditions scenario, named "Scenario 1 , are given in txt and Excel formats in the supplementary files "Data_scenario1.txt" and "Data_scenario1.xlsx". The files contain 10 rows:  From the raw data of the different controlled scenarios, we represent: • In Fig. 5 , the temperature sensor outputs from the Scenario 1 (stationary condition scenario).
We recall that "Office 1 and "Office 2 belong to the open-space on the first floor; • In Fig. 6 , the heat fluxes on inside and outside faces of East wall in Zone 1 (Z1-E) from the Scenario 1 (stationary condition scenario); • In Fig. 7 , the temperature sensor outputs in the building from Scenario 2 (winter climate scenario). As the temperature of the ground was not measured in this scenario, we considered an empirical value of 8 °C; • In Fig. 8 , the heat fluxes recorded on the inside and the outside faces of the East oriented wall in Zone 1 (first floor) during the Scenario 2 (winter climate scenario); • In Fig. 9 , the power consumption of the 5 electric convectors during the Scenario 2 (winter climate scenario); • In Fig. 10 , the temperatures measured in the building during the Scenario 3 (heatwave scenario); Let us note that the temperature in Zone 1, the temperature in Zone 2 and the surface temperature on the face of the Lower Floor in Zone 2, which are represented in Figs. 7 and 10 , are secondary data derived from the raw measured data such that:

Experimental Design, Materials and Methods
We conducted measurement campaigns to study the thermal behavior of a two-story concrete building that belongs to the "Sense-City" equipment. "Sense-City" is an equipment of excellence founded by the French national research agency (ANR). It consists of a 400 m 2 climatic chamber and two mini-cities of the same size. In practice, the mini-cities are more like small urban districts. The climatic chamber is mounted on rails so that it can be moved from one mini-city to another. It is designed to produce controlled weather conditions by varying the temperature [ −10 • C; 40 • C ] and the humidity [ 20% ; 95% ] . It can also reproduce rain and sun-  shine conditions. The studied two-story concrete building, represented in Fig. 1 , belongs to the first mini-city. It has a 40 m 2 area ( 10 m × 4 m ) and 6 m height. Its envelope (walls and floors) is made of 20 cm precast concrete walls. The ground floor consists of 5 rooms (see Fig. 2 , Fig. 4 and supplementary file "Building_plan.pdf"). They are all of different areas and usages (see Table 1 ) and are separated by 72 mm thick concrete walls. On the ground floor, the so-called "GF1" and "GF3" rooms are equipped with a geothermal heating floor that can be fueled by a heat pump. Hence, the composition of the floor is specific in "GF1" and "GF3" for the geothermal system. The water loop in room "GF2" and the heat pump in room "GF3" were switched off during all the experiments. The first floor is an open-space divided into two office rooms (named "Office 1 and "Office 2 ). The wall between the two offices in the first floor was removed in all our experiments. The building is equipped with two controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) systems (simple and double flow) and an air conditioning system. For our application, only the simpleflow CMV is used. From building technical specifications and 1D anemometer measurement, the forced ventilation was estimated to 112 m 3 /h : 62 m 3 /h on the ground floor and 50 m 3 /h on the first floor. No natural ventilation was considered in all the tests, doors and windows were kept closed.
Three measurement campaigns were conducted in 2019 in the Sense-City equipment to collect the data presented in this article. For each campaign, a different controlled weather scenario was reproduced using the Sense-City climatic chamber. We can underline that controlled climate scenarios were previously examined in another climatic chamber to undertake thermal studies on a typical UK house in [2] and on dwellings in [3] . Let us now describe the three scenarios in the next paragraphs.
Scenario 1: Stationary conditions In this experiment, the outside temperature was constantly maintained at 5 • C and the humidity at 70% during 12 days of measurement. The geothermal heating floors, the CMV systems, the air conditioning units and the lights simulating the sun were turned off. The building was heated using electric convectors over 12 days to reach stationary conditions. In the first floor (Zone 1), the two convectors with a total power consumption of 240 0 W (120 0 W each) stayed on for the entire duration of the scenario. The measured temperatures and heat fluxes are respectively presented in Figs. 5 and 6 . The sensor outputs are given in txt and Excel format in the supplementary files "Data_scenario1.txt" and "Data_scenario1.xlsx".
Scenario 2: Carpentras winter climate This scenario consists of typical winter conditions of a French mild climate region (referenced as "h2d" in the French thermal regulation) represented by the city of Carpentras. Hence, the temperature profile comes from the weather data of the French thermal regulation RT2012. To ensure that the initial state is the same throughout the building, a 12 h plateau was added before the experiment began. As with the Scenario 1, the lights simulating the sun were turned off for better control of the test conditions. The simple-flow CMV was in operation for the entire duration of the experiment. Doors and windows were kept closed. On the first floor (Zone 1), we reproduced an occupancy scenario by activating two heaters in the morning from 6am to 9:30am and in the evening from 5pm to 10:30pm (resp. from 8am to 10.30pm) during the weekdays (resp. the weekend). In each room of the ground floor except in the technical room "GF4", a heater was installed and put in frost protection mode. All the electric convectors were plugged in a connected electrical outlet that allows its remote control and monitoring using Basic R2 sunoff device. The recorded temperatures, heat fluxes and electric consumptions are respectively represented in Figs. 7 , 8 , and 9 and the sensor outputs are given in txt and Excel formats in the supplementary files "Data_scenario2.txt" and "Data_scenario2.xlsx". Scenario 3: Paris 2003 heat wave The objective of this last scenario was to collect data to study the thermal behavior of the building under summer conditions. Using the climatic chamber of Sense-City, it was possible to reproduce the conditions of the summer 2003 Paris heat wave. As stated previously, the lights simulating the sun were turned off. The simple-flow CMV was in operation for the entire duration of the experiment. Doors and windows were kept closed. Contrary to Scenario 2, in this scenario the ground temperature was measured with a PT100 sensor buried at a depth of 1.5 m in the vicinity of the building. The collected data are represented in Fig. 10 and are available in txt and Excel formats in the supplementary files "Data_scenario3.txt" and "Data_scenario3.xlsx".

Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have, or could be perceived to have, influenced the work reported in this article.