Cumulative risk and protection measures data

These data include clinically and theoretically grounded, cross-domain cumulative risk and protection measures. These measures were established for use with three sibling groups at Mothercraft's Breaking the Cycle (BTC), a child maltreatment prevention and early intervention program for substance using mothers and their children. These measures were established using archival data obtained from clients’ charts. The cumulative risk factor measure encompasses: 1) items from a cumulative risk measure utilized in prior BTC research, 2) clinical measures assessing maternal mental health, addiction, and parenting capacity, 3) a measure utilized in studies on adverse childhood experiences, and 4) the Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood (Axis IV: Psychosocial Stressors) [1–3]. The cumulative protection factor measure encompasses: 1) existing early intervention components of services at BTC, 2) clinical measures assessing maternal mental health, addiction, and parenting capacity, and 3) known protective factors outlined in the literature. Both measures were theoretically grounded using the Developmental Model of Transgenerational Transmission of Psychopathology [4], which enabled salient domains of risk and protection to be delineated for children exposed prenatally to substances and accessing child maltreatment prevention and early intervention services. For a description of the process of establishing these measures, the total and cross-domain cumulative risk and protection percentages for the sample, as well as a qualitative interpretation of the balance between domains of risk and protection, see [5]. These measures can contribute to improved future understanding around cumulative risk and cumulative protection in vulnerable populations, salient domains of risk and protection, and the unique interaction that occurs between risk and protective processes in the context of child maltreatment prevention and early intervention.

substances and accessing child maltreatment prevention and early intervention services. For a description of the process of establishing these measures, the total and cross-domain cumulative risk and protection percentages for the sample, as well as a qualitative interpretation of the balance between domains of risk and protection, see [5] . These measures can contribute to improved future understanding around cumulative risk and cumulative protection in vulnerable populations, salient domains of risk and protection, and the unique interaction that occurs between risk and protective processes in the context of child maltreatment prevention and early intervention.
© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.

Value of the data
• These data are cumulative risk and protection measures that were clinically grounded in a child maltreatment prevention and early intervention program. Their theoretical foundation enabled a domain-specific conceptualization of risk and protection, which facilitates the consideration of intra-and inter-domain risk and protection. Further, these data enable consideration of cumulative protection in addition to risk. • Researchers and clinicians interested in understanding cumulative risk and protection across clinically salient perinatal domains in vulnerable children can benefit from these data. The measures take a strength-based approach, highlighting the importance of protection alongside risk. Researchers interested in examining the balance between risk and protection can make use of both measures concurrently. • These measures can be employed in future validation research in larger samples of vulnerable children. Together, the measures of cumulative risk and protection can contribute to future understanding around how risk and protective processes interact, and highlight salient domains of risk and protection in vulnerable populations. • Given that these measures were established for use in a highly vulnerable sample of children at Mothercraft's Breaking the Cycle, they are comprehensive measures applicable for use with populations exposed to variable levels of risk. • These measures can contribute to future research on evidence-based child maltreatment prevention and early interventions that: 1) serve children identified as having high-risk profiles, 2) address the full range of risk factors impacting development, 3) provide individualized interventions specific to vulnerable risk domains, and 4) incorporate the most effective protective factors into practice. Table 1 . Cumulative Risk Factor Measure. Dichotomously coded risk factors for substanceexposed children undergoing early intervention organized by perinatal domains (i.e., mother, other parental figure, family, pre-natal/pregnancy, birth/post-natal, child, parent-child interaction, social network/professional services). Table 2 . Cumulative Protection Factor Measure. Dichotomously coded protective factors for substance-exposed children undergoing early intervention organized by perinatal domains (i.e., mother, other parental figure, family, pre-natal/pregnancy, birth/post-natal, child, parent-child interaction, social network/professional services).

Experimental design, materials and methods
The cumulative risk measure was established using items from prior measures, including: 1) items from a cumulative risk measure utilized in prior BTC research, 2) measures used clinically at BTC to assess maternal mental health, addiction, and parenting capacity, 3) a measure utilized in studies on adverse childhood experiences, and 4) the Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood, specifically Axis IV on Psychosocial Stressors [1][2][3] . Each risk item is coded dichotomously, with exposure = 1 and no exposure = 0. Risk assignment was intended to be accomplished using statistical criteria (e.g., upper quartile of risk exposure = 1; all others = 0) or a priori theoretical and conceptual categorization (e.g., being below the poverty line, single parenthood) and clinical classifications on relevant clinical measures (e.g., clinically significant anxiety), when appropriate.
The cumulative protection measure was established based on 1) existing early intervention components of services at BTC, 2) clinical measures assessing maternal mental health, addiction, and parenting capacity, and 3) known protective factors outlined in the literature. Each protection item is coded dichotomously, with exposure = 1 and no exposure = 0. Again, assignment was intended to be accomplished using statistical criteria (e.g., lower quartile of risk exposure = 1; all others = 0) or a priori theoretical and conceptual categorization (e.g., accessing early intervention services), when appropriate.
The sum of the dichotomous elements within each domain can be calculated to yield domain-specific cumulative risk and protection scores. Total cumulative risk and protection scores can be computed by adding the scores across each domain. Total and domain-specific scores can be converted into percentages to ensure that the denominator is dependent on the number of applicable items, with unknown elements removed.

Ethics statement
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.