Data on antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulation and antioxidant activities of Canna edulis Ker rhizome and its secondary metabolites

Canna edulis Ker rhizome has been used in Traditional Vietnamese Medicine to prevent and treat heart diseases without thorough scientific evidence. The data presented in this article characterize the antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulant and antioxidant activity of C. edulis rhizome extracts and the bio-guided isolation of bioactive compounds from the active fraction. The data on tested bioactivities of isolated compounds were also provided. The inhibitory effect on adenosine diphosphate- and collagen-induced human platelet aggregation was evaluated through three parameters: percentage inhibition of platelet aggregation, aggregation velocity and area under the platelet aggregation curve. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastine time and thrombine time were measured to examine the anticoagulant activity. The free radical scavenging ability was assessed with DPPH and ABTS assays. The structures of compounds were elucidated by NMR and MS spectroscopic methods. The data showed that the ethyl acetate fraction showed the most potent antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulant and antioxidant activity. Seven known compounds: 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (1), epimedokoreanone A (2), nepetoidin B (3), ferulic acid (4), caffeic acid (5), hydroxytyrosol (6), and 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (7) were isolated from this active fraction. Moreover, this article provided experimental data on antiplatelet effect of epimedokoreanone A (2) and nepetoidine B (3), anticoagulant and antioxidant activity of epimedokoreanone A (2) and also antiplatelet and antioxidant activity of 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (1).

© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) Value of the data • The data provide scientific evidences on antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulant and antioxidant activity of C. edulis rhizome and its secondary metabolites. • This article can help in further in-vitro and in vivo research to identify bioactive molecules with antiplatelet, anticoagulant and antioxidant activity from C. edulis rhizome, clarify mechanisms of action and develop new anti-thrombosis and antioxidant agents. • The reported bioactivities of C. edulis rhizome and its secondary metabolite in this article also demonstrate the potential use of this edible plant to develop functional food for treatment and prevention of heart-and oxidative stress-related diseases. • The provided information on the spectroscopic data of isolated compounds from Canna edulis could be useful for the analysis of spectra and determination of the structure of isolated compounds from other Canna species. • This data can serve as benchmark for other researchers to elucidate the structures of caffeic derivatives.

Data description
The data set presented in this article focus on the antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulant and antioxidant activity of extracts from C. edulis Ker rhizome and its secondary metabolites ( Tables 1 and 2 ). The identification of the isolated compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction of rhizomes of Canna edulis described in the research article [1] . In addition, the article also provides the information on the spectroscopic data of seven compounds 1 -7 isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of C. edulis rhizomes (          Fig. 8 a-e.

Collection of plant
C. edulis Ker rhizome , identified by the plant researcher Thi Thanh Huong Le -Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam, was collected in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam. A voucher specimen number CE.R.TN01 is deposited at Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.

Extraction and isolation of compounds
The dry powder of C. edulis rhizome (CE.R) (6.2 kg) was macerated in ethanol 96% at room temperature and the solvent was evaporated. The total ethanol extract (CE.R.Et) then was fractionated with n -hexane, ethyl acetate (EA) and water. The n -hexane extract (CE.R.H, 13.7 g), EA extract (CE.R.EA, 20.0 g) and the aqueous extracts (CE.R.W, 315 g) were obtained and evaporated under vacuum and then stored at 4-6 °C for further use.
The isolation of compounds from CE.R.EA was reported in the research article [1] . NMR spectra were acquired using a Bruker Avance 500 MHz instrument using TMS as internal standard (500 MHz for 1 H, 125 MHz for 13 C). APCI-MS was carried out using a AGILENT 6120 mass spectrometer at the Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.

Antiplatelet aggregation activity test
Blood from healthy volunteers aged 18 -35, who did not take any drugs for 3 weeks and were fasting overnight, was collected. A complete blood count was measured before platelet aggregation and coagulation experiments to ensure they had normal blood cell counts. The venous blood taken was put into a 3.2% sodium citrate tube and then centrifuged at 500 rpm for 10 min to take platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Blood sample was also centrifuged at 30 0 0 rpm for 10 min to take platelet-poor plasma (PPP). Platelets were counted under microscope, and the platelet count was adjusted to 250 ± 25 × 10 9 /L in PRP.
The platelet aggregation was done using the turbidimetric method [2] in triplicate. Briefly, 450 μL of PRP and 50 μL of extracts or compounds were incubated at 37 °C for 3 min. Platelet aggregation was stimulated by ADP 10 μM or collagen 2 μg/mL. DMSO 0.1% and aspirin 0.1 mg/mL in the case of collagen or ticagrelor 0.002 mg/mL in the case of ADP were used as negative and positive control, respectively. Amplitude-time curves over 6 min were recorded and then three parameters: the maximum aggregation, the area under the platelet aggregation curve (AUC) and the maximum slope of the aggregation curve were collected. The percentage inhibition of platelet aggregation (% I ) was calculated as % I = X−Y X x 100%, X is maximum percentage aggregation of the negative control; Y is maximum aggregation percentage of the sample [1] .

Anticoagulant activity test
First, 450 μL of PPP were mixed with 50 μL of plant extracts or pure compounds and the mixtures then were incubated at 37 °for 5 min. Then, PT, APTT and TT were measured using Sysmex CS-2100i machine (Japan) following the previously described method [3] to assess the anticoagulant activity. Heparin 0.2 IU/mL (for APTT and TT assay) or 2 IU/mL (for PT assay) and DMSO 0.1% were used as the positive and negative control, respectively. The experiment was done in triplicate.

DPPH assay
The DPPH assay was carried out in triplicate according to the previously described method with some modifications [4] . The extracts and compounds were dissolved in DMSO 100% and then diluted into tested concentrations. Then, 190 μL DPPH (0.1 mM) dissolved in methanol was incubated with 10 μL sample at 37 °C for 20 min. The absorbance was read at 517 nm. Ascorbic acid dissolved in distill water at 10, 25 and 50 μg/mL was used as the positive control. The percentage inhibition of free radicals was calculated as% Inhibition = 100 -( O D s O D c x100%), OD s is an average optical density of the sample, OD c is an average optical density of the control. The sample concentrations needed for 50% inhibition of the radicals (IC 50 values) were calculated.

ABTS assay
The working solution ABTS + was prepared by mixing 7 mM ABTS solution with 2.45 mM potassium persulfate solution (ratio 1:1) and kept in the dark for 14-16 h at room temperature [5] . This mixture was further diluted in ethanol to reach the absorbance of 0.7 ± 0.02 at 734 nm. Then, 10 μL samples dissolved in ethanol at different concentrations were incubated with 190 μL of the diluted ABTS + solution at room temperature for 10 min. The absorbance was read at 734 nm using a Microplate spectrophotometer. Trolox at 50, 10 0, 20 0, 50 0 μg/mL were used as the positive control. IC 50 values were also calculated as described above. The experiment was done in triplicate.

Ethics statement
The study was carried out in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki for experiments involving humans. Informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects.

Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have, or could be perceived to have, influenced the work reported in this article.