Life cycle inventory data for banana-fiber-based biocomposite lids

This data article is related to the research article “Comparative life cycle assessment of coffee jar lids made from biocomposites containing poly (lactic acid) and banana fiber”. The article reports the model parameters used to construct each stage and unit process inventory of the life cycle of coffee jar lids, and the subsequent inventories of the investigated system. It also contains details of calculations and descriptions of inventory uncertainties. Primary data were obtained from lab-scale and pilot-scale tests during product preparation. Secondary data collection was based on detailed review of related international and regional literature, databases and recognized web sites. The data presented here can be used by future life cycle assessment studies on natural fiber composites in packaging applications.


Specifications table
Environmental Engineering Specific subject area Life Cycle Assessment Type of data Table  How data were  acquired Data related to the agricultural production of the raw materials, as well as transport to the factory, were obtained by means of direct questions to the appropriate technologist or responsible of the concerned stages. Transformation processes data were taken from characterization assays of materials and products, material and energy balances from laboratory and pilot tests. Regional reports, scientific literature, databases (Ecoinvent 3.3), personal communications with stakeholders and own calculations were also used to consolidate data. Data format Raw and processed. Parameters for data collection Representative samples selected to characterize materials, mass and energy balance of unit processes. Data collected on-site or extracted from Ecoinvent 3.3 by using the software program SimaPro 8.3 (PRe-Consultants, the Netherlands).

Description of data collection
Much of primary data for the coffee jar lids life cycle was collected directly from real processes at laboratory and pilot scale. Supplementary primary data were collected via face-to-face, telephone and email communication and interviews with stakeholders. Secondary data were generated through trustworthy site visits, technical and academic literature and regional database analysis. Data

Value of the Data
• The data increase transparency of the LCA reported in the main article.
• The data can be used by other researchers or by stakeholders that are interested in modelling of natural fiber composites in packaging applications. • The modelling parameters and the unit process inventories can be adapted to generate similar process inventory. • The data has Latin-American relevance, and originates mainly from Colombia.

Data description
This article reports the modelling parameters and the life cycle inventory data of stages for manufacturing and landfilling of coffee jar lids made from biocomposites with banana fiber. Table 1 contains all the parameters used to calculate the inventory data for each stage of the life cycle: cultivation, transport, production and preparation of the banana pseudostem, the fabrication of the lids and end of life. These parameters were based on direct measurements from laboratory and pilot tests, by asking direct questions to producers, companies, and analysis of local literature and web data. Table 1 also shows the description of the data and how the calculations were made. Tables 2-10 complement table 1 with data from the region of interest, namely the volumes of production taken from local government databases, soil characteristics and percentage of fertilizer emissions from studies of the region, transport distance from google maps and own calculations, fuel emissions from a Colombian database and electrical demand of the machines based on information from a local company and laboratory data. The tables 11 -20 refer to all input and outputs flows a functional unit of 1 coffee jar lid for each process throughout the biochar life cycles constructed using model parameters given in tables 1 -10 . These tables include data-related uncertainties following the ecoinvent pedigree approach and the squared geometric standard deviation.  Table 4 Calculated 2

Phosphorous (water)
13.00 % The amount of phosphorus was calculated based on the fertilizers applied. Losses of phosphorus are emitted to water. Average losses of different regions were taken to perform the calculation, see Table 4 Calculated 2 Potassium (water) 34.33 % The amount of potassium was calculated based on the fertilizers applied. Losses of potassium are emitted to water. Average losses of different regions were taken to perform the calculation, see Table 4 Calculated 2 Calcium (water) 32.64 % The amount of calcium was calculated based on the fertilizers applied. Losses of calcium are emitted to 60% to soil and 40% to water. Average losses of different regions were taken to perform the calculation, see Table 4 Calculated 2 Magnesium (water) 1.00 % The amount of magnesium was calculated based on the fertilizers applied. Losses of magnesium are emitted to 60% to soil and 40% to water. Average losses of different regions were taken to perform the calculation, see Table 4 Calculated 2 ( continued on next page )  Table 5 shows the composition of residues of banana fiber.

Measured 1
Transport 1 Distance 0.12 tkm Distance corresponds to transport the pseudostem from the farms to the collecting centers of the subregions (T 1 ). The distance T 1 was estimated by the center of gravity method. Data was calculated according to total production of pseudostem 157940 ton/year, car capacity of 1.5 tons and average distance from Table 6 .
Natural gas 0.06 m 3 /km The transportation of the farms corresponds to a small car of 1.4 L which has sufficient capacity for tertiary roads. Selected car of 1.5 tons capacity, is estimated to consume 10 m 3 /160 km. [4] Emissions Carbon dioxide, fossil [5] Methane Table 7 kg/m 3 [5] Fiber production Rate production 20 kg/h The desfibrating process is done by a 10 HP fiber decorticator diesel machine, weight of 125 kg, rate production was 20kg/h and lifetime of 10 years (see Fig.1). A machine operation by diesel was selected from Ecoinvent and data were recalculated.  Table 7 kg/m 3 The CO 2 emissions of diesel consume was calculated based in the Mining Energy Planning Unit, Colombia's energy emissions calculator. These values have been considered and used to modify some of the values of the Ecoinvent databases. [5] Washing and Drying 5.00E-3 m 3 /kg * After extraction, the fibers are submerged in water for 24 hours. wet * banana fiber Measured 1 Transport 2 Dry BF 0.08 Tkm Distance corresponds to transport the BF from the sub regions to plant located in Manizales (T 2 ). The distance was estimated from google maps. Data was calculated according to total potential production of fiber Table 2 , average distances from Table  6 and a truck capacity of 3 tons.
The transportation T 2 corresponds to a truck with a capacity of 3 tons, which is estimated to consume 24 gal/100km of diesel. Calculated 2 Emissions CO 2 Table 7 kg/m 3 The CO 2 emissions from transportation was calculated based in the Mining Energy Planning Unit, Colombia's energy emissions calculator. These values have been considered and used to modify some of the values of the Ecoinvent databases. [5] Fiber preparation Rate milling production Table 8 kg/h Based on selected machine, the data of a selected ecoinvent machine was recalculated. Lifetime 20 years. Calculated 2 Milling electricity demand Table 8 kWh The banana fiber were conditioned by the grinding process. The demand of electricity was calculated based on the performance of the machine at the laboratory level to two industrial machines.

Calculated 2
( continued on next page ) Drying electricity demand Table 8 kWh Due to the hydroscopic characteristic of natural fibers, before blend with the other hydrophobic materials to reduce problems during extrusion process, therefore, the BPF were dried in an oven at 60 °C for 24 h. The demand of electricity was calculated based on the performance of the machine at the laboratory level to scale it to industrial machines.

Calculated 2
Lid production HDPE    4 The data was mathematically determined based on experimental measurements, or from secondary data such as literature.

Table 6
Distance to transport pseudostem from farms to collecting center of the subregions (T 1 ). Distance to transport banana fiber from collecting center to manufacturing plant (T 2 ).  1 All distances are average values between farm and gathering center, mathematically determined from measured data, by using the center of gravity method. 2 All distances were calculated by distance between biomass collecting point and the plant, calculated using Google maps, the data was mathematically determined based on measured data, or secondary data such as literature.   Data was mathematically determined based on measured data, or secondary data such as literature.

Experimental design, materials, and methods
The parameters and inventory data of coffee jar lids were generated in three stages, cultivation of banana, fiber and lid production. Data on the cultivation stage were collected from local government and regional literature. Data on fiber production were obtained from a pilot process using approximately 1.8 tons of pseudostem collected from three farms. The banana fiber was extracted by a fiber decorticator, washed and dried. Data regarding material flows were measured with an industrial balance. Chemical components of fiber and residue were measured through proximate analysis. Transport distances between locations of the different life cycle stages were taken from Google maps and the fuel emissions from regionalized inventories [2] . The lid production was conducted at laboratory scale, the fibers were milled and chemically treated. Mass balance and time were taken and calculated. Six blends of Poly (lactic acid), PLA (0 -60%), High Density Polyethylene, HDPE (0 -60%), and Banana Fiber, BF (10-40%) were made in a torque rheometer as experimental process and then injected. Data on mass, energy and machine characteristics were recorded and used to calculate data for industrial machines.

Unit processes and LCI data
The information given here includes all input and outputs flows from each process throughout the biochar life cycles constructed using model parameters given in Section 3 . Pedigree criteria and subsequent geometric standard deviations squared ( σ g 2 ) underlying uncertainty analysis were described in detail in Rodríguez et al. (2020) [1] .

Table 11
Inventory for the unit process of cultivation stage, output 46.62 kg pseudostem to produce 1 kg (dry banana fiber). The unit processes are representative of the farming systems in Colombian selected region. "Banana {CO}|banana production| Alloc Def, U" was the LCI data source that was modified according to model parameters of the regional conditions in Table 1 . Some data were changed such as occupation land, fertilization, maintenance and emissions. Technified process including irrigation and tractor use was removed and remained data were recalculated from ecoinvent.   Table 1 and Table 5  Table 12 Inventory for the pseudostem transport stage from farm to collecting center, output 1 km. The data source "Transport, passenger car, large size, natural gas, EURO 5 RoW| transport, passenger car, large size, natural gas, EURO 5 | Alloc Def, U" was selected due to emissions similar to those of current transport.       Table 7