Data of temperature, thermal conductivity, heat production and heat flow of the southern Tan-Lu Fault Zone, East–Central China

In this article we report 5 terrestrial heat flow points along the southern Tan-Lu Fault Zone based on the first systematic deep borehole temperature measurements and thermal conductivities of 128 rock samples. All the temperature logs after 1 m spacing is plotted. The thermal properties test data of all samples have been collated separately, and the thermal conductivity correction data for different depths is presented. In combination with steady state temperature and thermal properties testing, the vertical variation of heat flow is calculated. Detailed interpretation of this data can be found in a research article titled “Heat flow, heat production, thermal structure and its tectonic implication of the southern Tan-Lu Fault Zone, East–Central China” (Wang et al., 2019) [1].


Data
The latest continental heat flow compilation of China was conducted by Jiang et al. [2], with 1230 heat flow measurements, which include 231 heat flow data in the Yangtze Craton and 473 in the North China Craton (Fig. 1). However, few research focused on the thermal state of the Tan-Lu fault zone. All the heat flow dataset of YC and NCC of previous works are shown in Appendix A.
Temperature dataset in this work consists of temperature and temperature gradient data at the interval of 1 m and 10 m, respectively, for the five temperature logs (Appendixes B, C and D). The borehole temperature data were measured using a continuous logging system with a 42.9-mm-long Specifications Table   Subject Geophysics Specific subject area Geothermics, which is a branch of classical geophysics and can be divided into theoretical, experimental and applied geothermics. This article covers the former two parts. Type of data  2 Tables,  1 Figure,  4 Excel files (Appendixes A, B C and D) How data were acquired The borehole temperature data were measured using a continuous logging system with a platinum thermal resistance sensor and a 5000-m-long cable. Thermal conductivity: Optical scanning technology Heat production: The U and Th concentrations were obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the K concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.  platinum thermal resistance sensor (Robertson Geologging Ltd; UK) and a 5000-m-long cable (Downhole Surveys; Australia). Each temperature logs, gradients and lithological columns of the 5 boreholes along STLFZ are represented and summarized in the research article. The basic information and geotherms of the boreholes are shown in Table 1. One advantage of this work is that almost the temperature logs data belong to systematically continuous temperature measurements [4]. Another advantage is there exists a temperature log of one 3000-m-pilot hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project in Lu-Zong Basin (LZSD) (see Fig. 1).
Thermophysical property dataset consists of thermal properties of the outcrop and core samples. We performed test on the thermal property parameters of dry rocks separately: 128 thermal conductivity, 15 porosity, 49 density and 85 heat production data. All the geothermal data are shown in Appendix C.

Temperature dataset
The borehole temperature data were measured using a continuous logging system with a 42.9-mmlong platinum thermal resistance sensor (Robertson Geologging Ltd; UK) and a 5000-m-long cable (Downhole Surveys; Australia). The sensitivity and accuracy of the temperature measurements are ±0.01 C and ±0.1 C, respectively. The probe was calibrated once every two years at the Beijing Institute of Metrology, as well as after each temperature measurement, using a Hg thermometer to test and record the sensitivity and accuracy of the probe, in order to obtain a unified calibration. The depth data and corresponding temperature data were acquired using the Matrix Logging System (Mount Sopris Instruments; USA). The response time of the system due to the sensor assembly is approximately 2 s, with the downhole rate set to approximately 6 m min À1 [5]. The borehole temperatures were measured at 0.1 m intervals, with sampling conducted at 2 m intervals. The temperatureedepth (TeZ) profiles are shown in Fig. 1.

Thermophysical property dataset
Optical scanning technology [6,7] (Lippmann and Rauen GbR; Germany) was employed to measure the thermal conductivity, with a ±3% measurement accuracy and 0.20e25 W m À1 K À1 measurement range. The instrument scans the samples using a centralized, moving, and continuous heat source, and the TC is calculated as a function of the temperature difference before and after exposing a given sample to the moving heat source and a calibration to standard samples with known TC values [7]. The samples varied by < 1 mm along their planarecylindrical surfaces and approximately 5 cm along their lengths. At least three tests were first conducted on each standard sample to calibrate the system error. The U and Th concentrations were obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the K concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The core sample densities were also measured in the laboratory by the Archimedean method.
We performed temperature, pressure, and porosity corrections on the core samples thermal conductivity. When it comes to correction model, we take into account the main lithology and porosity of the core samples, following equations 1, 2, and 3 for temperature, pressure, and porosity corrections, respectively ( Table 2).
The first and second line of the middle column represents the correction formulas and the notes, respectively.
The TC measurements, along with the TC corrections versus depth are shown in Appendix C. The heat production values were calculated via the empirical formula proposed by Rybach [11]: A ¼ 10 À5 rð9:25C U þ 2:56C Th þ 3:48C K Þ where A is the heat production (mW m À3 ), r is the density (kg m À3 ), C U and C Th are the U and Th concentrations (ppm), respectively, and C K is the K concentration (%). The detailed process and results are listed in Appendix C.
The heat flow values of the five boreholes were calculated via multiplication of the TG values from the least-squares method with the TC values at different depth intervals. The corrected core TC values were used for the heat flow determinations, with the heat flow calculated from sections with stable TG and TC measurements. The results are summarized in Table 1.  Table 2 Correction models of the core samples in the boreholes. T : in-situ formation temperature ( C) l 0 : TC (W m À1 K À1 ) at room temperature T 0 ( C) Tm ¼ 1473 C; lm ¼ 1.05 W m À1 K À1 Pressure correction lðPÞ ¼ 0:0005P þ l 0 ð2Þ [9] lðPÞ: pressure-corrected TC (W m À1 K À1 ) P: in-situ formation pressure (MPa) Porosity correction ffiffiffiffiffi [10] lb: mean porosity-corrected TC (W m À1 K À1 ) li: thermal conductivity of the ith ∅i: the ith volume/total volume of the bulk