Dataset of the aqueous solution and petrochemical wastewater treatment containing ammonia using low cost and efficient bio-adsorbents

In this dataset, the removal of ammonia from synthetic and real wastewater was studied using the Ziziphus spina-christi activated carbon (ZSAC) and the biochar of Sargassum oligocystum (BSO). Several analyses such as FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, and BET were used to determine the physical and surface properties of the adsorbents. The BET analysis showed a high specific surface area of 112.5 and 45.8 m2/g for ZSAC and BSO, respectively. Also, the results indicated that the highest adsorption of ammonia from synthetic wastewater using ZSAC and BSO were obtained 97.9% and 96.2%, at contact time of 80 min, 25 °C, pH 8, and adsorbent dosage of 5 g/L. In addition, the adsorption results of real wastewater from Asaluyeh Pardis Petrochemical Company demonstrated that both adsorbents had the removal efficiency of approximately 90%, which indicates high adsorption efficiency using two adsorbents. Moreover, equilibrium studies showed that the adsorption process of ammonia from wastewater using both adsorbents follows the Freundlich model and the maximum adsorption capacity using the Langmuir isotherm were calculated to be 25.77 mg/g and 7.46 mg/g for ZSAC and BSO, respectively. Furthermore, the thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process using the bio-adsorbents was spontaneous and exothermic.


a b s t r a c t
In this dataset, the removal of ammonia from synthetic and real wastewater was studied using the Ziziphus spina-christi activated carbon (ZSAC) and the biochar of Sargassum oligocystum (BSO). Several analyses such as FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, and BET were used to determine the physical and surface properties of the adsorbents. The BET analysis showed a high specific surface area of 112.5 and 45.8 m 2 /g for ZSAC and BSO, respectively. Also, the results indicated that the highest adsorption of ammonia from synthetic wastewater using ZSAC and BSO were obtained 97.9% and 96.2%, at contact time of 80 min, 25 C, pH 8, and adsorbent dosage of 5 g/L. In addition, the adsorption results of real wastewater from Asaluyeh Pardis Petrochemical Company demonstrated that both adsorbents had the removal efficiency of approximately 90%, which indicates high adsorption efficiency using two adsorbents. Moreover, equilibrium studies showed that the adsorption process of ammonia from wastewater using both adsorbents follows the Freundlich model and the maximum adsorption capacity using the Langmuir isotherm were calculated to be 25.77 mg/g and 7.46 mg/ g for ZSAC and BSO, respectively. Furthermore, the thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process using the bioadsorbents was spontaneous and exothermic. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Data
The current dataset contains 9 figures and 6 tables. BET data for bio-adsorbents are given in Table 1. The FT-IR spectra of ZSAC and BSO at wavenumbers range of 400e4000 cm À1 are shown in Fig. 1. The results of the EDS elemental test for both bio-adsorbents are given in Table 2. The XRD spectrum of the bio-adsorbents is shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 3a and b shows SEM images of ZSAC and BSO before and after ammonium ion adsorption process. Fig. 4 shows the effect of pH on the ammonium ions adsorption by ZSAC and BSO bio-adsorbents. Fig. 5 is a schematic which depicts the adsorption mechanism of the ammonium ions onto the bio-adsorbents. Fig. 6 shows the ammonium ion removal over different contact times. Fig. 7 shows the effect of bio-adsorbent dosage on the removal percentage of ammonium ion from aqueous medium. The effect of different temperatures on the ammonium ion adsorption using ZSAC and BSO has been shown in Fig. 8. The results of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms are given in Table 3. The maximum adsorption capacity of ammonium ion using ZSAC and BSO bio-Specifications Table   Subject area Chemical Engineering More specific subject area Environmental Chemical Engineering Type of data Table, image, figure How data was acquired e SEM analysis (VEGA III, TESCAN; Czech Republic) was used to determine the morphology and identify the structure of bio-adsorbents before and after adsorption. e FTIR analysis (Avatar, THERMO, USA) was applied to specify the functional groups. e BET analysis (Micromeritics, ASAP 2020, USA) was used to measure the surface area of the adsorbent. e XRD analysis (Bruker AXS-D8, pw1730, Germany) was applied to determine the crystalline structure and phases on the adsorbent surface. e EDS test (VEGA, TESCAN; Czech Republic) was used to determine the percentage of the elements in the adsorbents. e A flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (GBC, Avanta) with acetylene-air fuel was used to determine the amount of ammonia ion in the wastewater. Data format Analyzed Experimental factors e The effect of bio-adsorbent dosage, temperature, pH and contact time was acquired. e The isotherm and thermodynamic parameters were revealed. e A petrochemical wastewater containing ammonia was treated using the bio-adsorbents.

Experimental features Ammonia ions adsorption by ZSAC and BSO Data source location
Islamic Azad University of Bushehr, Iran Data accessibility Data represented with the article Value of the data For the first time, two efficient bio-adsorbents namely Z. spina-christi activated carbon and the brown alga of S. oligocystum were used for treatment of ammonia-laden petrochemical wastewater. This data can be useful for managers of wastewater treatment plants or petrochemical companies facing ammonia problem in wastewater. The used bio-adsorbents could be beneficial as fertilizer in the agricultural lands. adsorbents in other studies is shown in Table 4. LnKd against 1/T was used for calculating thermodynamic parameters (Fig. 9). The results of the thermodynamic calculations are shown in Table 5. A petrochemical wastewater was treated using ZSAC and BSO and the results are listed in Table 6.

Materials
Ammonium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Merck Company (Germany). The double distilled water has been used to prepare solutions. In order to prepare a The BET surface area of these bio-adsorbents is higher than activated carbon prepared from worn tires (32.39 m 2 /g) [1] and bamboo (2.80 m 2 /g) [2] and less than commercial activated carbon (717.22 m 2 /g) [3] and activated carbon prepared from coconut shell (370.72 m 2 /g) [3]. 1 L of ammonia stock solution by using ammonium chloride, 2.96 g of ammonium chloride was added to 1000 mL of double distilled water.

Bio-adsorbents preparation method
Ziziphus spina-christi leaves were initially washed with distilled water to remove dust and other pollutants. Then the leaves were placed in an oven for 1 h at a temperature of 80 C to be dried. After       that, dried leaves were heated about 1 h on the gentle flame to be ash. Next, the ashes were transferred into the furnace at 700 C for 3 h to be carbonized. The carbonized material was powdered by the mill, graded by sieve No. 25 and used as ZSAC bio-adsorbent in the ammonia adsorption. After gathering the S. oligocystum brown alga from the Persian Gulf, they were washed several times with distilled water to remove waste and dirty. Then, they were placed inside the oven at 105 C for 24 h to be dried. Next, the dried (biochar) algae powdered by the mill and graded by sieve No. 25 and used as BSO bio-adsorbent in the ammonia adsorption.

Adsorption experiments
In this dataset, the removal of ammonia ion from aqueous solution using two bio-adsorbents has been investigated. To do this, the effect of various parameters such as pH (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10), bioadsorbent dose (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 g/L), contact time (10,20,30,40,50, 60, 70, 80 min), and temperature (25, 30, 40, 50, 60 C) at the conditions of mixing rate of 200 rpm and the initial ammonia   concentration of 100 mg/l on the adsorption efficiency was examined. Finally, the reaction solution was filtered and an atomic adsorption device was used to measure the ammonia ion in the solution. The percentage of removed ammonia (%R) and adsorption capacity (q e; mg/g) were determined by the following formulas: where C i and C 0 (mg/L) are the initial and equilibrium concentration of ammonia ions, respectively. V (L) is solution volume and w (g) indicates the applied bio-adsorbent mass. All experiments were done three times and the mean and standard deviation (as error bars) of the analysis were stated.

Real wastewater sample
In order to provide real wastewater, two samples of ammonia containing wastewater were collected from different part of the Pardis Petrochemical Company, Asaluyeh (Iran). Experiments were carried out using ZSAC and BSO under optimal situations and initial pH of the samples remained unchanged. The remaining ammonium ion, COD, BOD 5 , EC, and pH were measured.

Isotherms modeling
Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to study the equilibrium behavior of ammonia adsorption using ZSAC and BSO. The linear form of Langmuir and Freundlich model was used [11,12]: where C e is ammonia ion equilibrium concentration (mg/L), and q e is the equilibrium adsorbed ammonia ion per gram of bio-adsorbent (mg/g). As well as, q max and b are constants of Langmuir model and show the maximum adsorption capacity (mg/g) and adsorption energy (L/g), respectively. Moreover, n and K F are constants of the Freundlich model, which indicate the relationship between adsorption capacity and adsorption intensity. The n value indicates adsorb deviation from the linear state. In fact, n is a constant that corresponds to the surface heterogeneity. If n ¼ 1, the process is linear; if n > 1, the process is physical and ideal, and n < 1 indicate the process is chemical. a Note:According to Iranian EPA, the ammonia content of the treated wastewater did not meet the standard value (2.5 mg/L) to be discharged into water bodies. Thus, the ammonia pollutant of the wastewater should be further treated.

The thermodynamic study
The thermodynamic parameters that include Gibbs free energy (DG ), enthalpy (DH ), and entropy (DS ) can be used to predict adsorption nature. To determine the thermodynamic parameters, the following equations are used [13,14].