Data of in vivo screening of antiulcer activity for methanolic extract of Vernonia elaeagnifolia DC

The data present in this article is related to evaluation of standardized methanolic extract of Vernonia elaeagnifolia aerial parts [MEVE], a species of Asteraceae family for antiulcer potential. Antiulcer activity of MEVE (200 and 400 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) was evaluated with ethanol and aspirin induced ulcer models and pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model. The antioxidant potential of MEVE was evaluated with nitric oxide radicals, hydroxyl radical and H2O2 radical scavenging assay against standard ascorbic acid to correlate antioxidant and antiulcerogenic action. MEVE significantly protects the gastric mucosa against the ethanol and aspirin induced ulcer and pylorus ligation induced ulcer challenge. MEVE had shown significant [normal control: p < 0.0001, disease control: p < 0.0001, standard: p < 0.0001] decrease in the ulcer index produced by all three models in rats as compared to the standard drug omeprazole [20 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.]. The present data suggest that aerial parts of Vernonia elaeagnifolia possess significant antiulcer activity, which may attributed to its antioxidant mechanism of action.


Data
The present data focus on evaluating the antiulcer activity of methanolic extract of V. elaeagnifolia (family Asteraceae). V. elaeaegnifolia was widely known various medicinal properties and also studied for its traditional uses against upper respiratory tract infections, stomach ulceration, skin infections and as leech repellent [1]. MEVE showed prominent radical scavenging action for nitric oxide, hydroxyl and hydrogen peroxide radical. Data is presented in Table 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2,  Fig. 3). MEVE has shown significant reduction in ulcer index and percentage inhibition of ulcer formation in ethanol and aspirin induced ulcer, along with pylorus ligation method. Data is presented in Table 2, Table 3, Table 4 ( Fig. 4AeE, Fig. 5AeE, and Fig. 6AeE) and effect of extract on ulcer healing study, presented in Table 5 ( Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 and Fig. 11). Data regarding histological changes in mucosal layer of rat stomach for aspirin induced model are shown in (Fig. 12AeD).

Subject area
Pharmacy More specific subject area Antiulcer activity of medicinal plant. Type of data Table, text file, graph, figure.

How data was acquired
Histopathology study of rat's stomach mucosal layer was performed for aspirin induced ulcer model (disease induced, MEVE treated, and standard groups).

Data format Analysed Experimental factors
Methanolic extract of Vernonia elaeagnifolia used for present study was prepared by using soxhlet extraction method. 1. Acute toxicity study was performed with female mice followed by OECD  Value of the data Antiulcer activity of Vernonia elaeagnifolia is recognized due to; Plants of Astraceae family have medicinal properties against upper respiratory tract infections, stomach ulceration and skin infections. V. elaeagnifolia extract showed presence of various phytoconstituents as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, phytosterols, and coumarins, which are previously proved to possess antiulcer activity. The methods and data can be used to study Vernonia elaeagnifolia for its antiulcer potential in detail. Data demonstrates the comparison of antiulcer activity of MEVE at the doses 200 and 400 mg/kg bd.wt. p.o. with marketed formulation, gives reference for researchers to study the formulation.

Plant collection and extraction
Aerial parts of V. elaeagnifolia were collected, during the month of January 2018 from R.R district, Hyderabad, Telangana. The plant was identified and authenticated (Voucher specimen no., VEN-3) by Botanist Dr. Rabiya sultana, Junior Lecturer, New Government Junior College, kukatpally, Hyderabad.

Chemicals and reagents
Aspirin used in study was procured from Reckitt Benckiser and Omeprazole from Alkem Laboratories.

Plant extract
The aerial parts of V. elaeagnifolia were cleaned, dried under shade for about ten days and coarsely powdered in a pulveriser. The powdered material was taken up for soxhlet extraction process. The crude powdered drug (500 g) was extracted with 90% methanol (1500 mL) by soxhlation.

Preliminary phytochemical screening
Preliminary phytochemical screening of crude extract was performed by various chemical tests to identify various phytoconstituents like flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids [2].

In vitro antioxidant assay of MEVE
Nitric oxide, hydroxyl and hydrogen peroxide radicals are potent reactive oxygen species in the biological system that reacts with polyunsaturated fatty acid moieties of the cell membrane phospholipids and causes damage to the cell leading to various chronic diseases. The scavenging ability of   MEVE for nitric oxide, hydroxyl and hydrogen peroxide radicals was measured by the method of Kunchandy and Rao (1990) [3].
The mixture was again incubated at room temperature for 30 min and absorbance was measured at 546 nm [4].
In hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, the reaction mixture was prepared by adding 100 mL of 2deoxy-D ribose (28 mM in 20 mM KH 2 PO 4 eKOH buffer, pH 7.4), 500 mL of MEVE at different concentrations (     and 100 mL ascorbic acid (1mM), and incubated at 37C for 1 h. 1mL thiobarbituric acid (1%) and 1mL of trichloroacetic acid (2.8%) was added to resultant mixture and again incubated at 100̊C for 20 min. After cooling, absorbance of resultant solution was measured at 532 nm, against a blank sample [5].

Animals
Albino rats of Wistar strain of either sex weighing between 170 and 200 g were used; Animals were procured from Jeeva life sciences, Hyderabad, T.S. They were housed in standard cages at room temperature (25 ± 2 C) and provided with pellet diet procured from Albino labs, Hyderabad and water ad libitum. The animals were deprived of food for 24 h before experimentation, but had free access to drinking water. The study was conducted after obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance bearing the number 1175/Po/Re/s/08/CPCSEA.

Acute toxicity studies
An acute toxicity study was carried out in order to check the toxic effects for methanolic extract of V. elaeagnifolia on female mice (This is because literature surveys of conventional LD 50 tests show that generally females were slightly more sensitive and single sex of animals is used in order to reduce variability and means of minimizing the number of animals used). The study was performed as per Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and acute oral toxicity was done by up and down procedure (OECD guideline-425) [7]. with stainless steel gavage needle) was administered to overnight fasted rats of all groups other than normal control (positive control). The animals were sacrificed after 1 h of ulcerogen (ethanol) administration and their stomach will be excised and cut opened along the greater curvature to determine ulcer index. Ulcer areas on the stomach's surface were examined macroscopically and measured on millimetre-square paper. The sum of area (mm 2 ) was expressed as ulcer index (UI) and percentage inhibition was calculated [8]. ) was administered to the all animals other than normal group with prior fasting of 24 h. The animals were sacrificed 4 h after administration of aspirin and the stomach part was excised, cut along the greater curvature, washed carefully with 5.0 mL of 90% NaCl and ulcer areas on the stomach's surface were examined macroscopically and measured on millimetre-square paper. The sum of area (mm 2 ) was expressed as UI and percentage inhibition was calculated [9].

Pylorus ligation induced ulcers in rats
Albino wistar rats were fasted for 24 h with water ad libitum. Group-I and Group-II received distilled water, Group-III and Group-IV received MEVE 200 and 400 mg/kg, bd.wt, p.o. and Group-V received Omeprazole (20 mg/kg, bd.wt, p.o.) as a standard. After 1h of treatment, animals were anaesthetized with anesthetic ether; the abdomen was opened by a small midline incision below xiphoid process. Pyloric portion of the stomach was lifted out and ligated according to method of Shay et al., 1945 [10] avoiding traction to the pylorus or damage to its blood supply. The stomach was replaced carefully and the abdominal wall was closed by interrupted sutures. Rats were sacrificed by CO 2 euthanasia after 4 h of pyloric ligation. The abdomen was opened, cardiac end of the stomach was dissected out and the contents were drained into a glass tube. The volume of the gastric juice was measured and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min. From the supernatant, aliquots (1 mL of each) were taken for the determination of pH, total and free acidity. Ulcer areas on the stomach's surface were examined macroscopically and measured on millimetre-square paper. The sum of area (mm 2 ) was expressed as UI and percentage inhibition was calculated [11e13].

Determination of pH
An aliquot of 1mL gastric juice was diluted with 1mL of distilled water and pH of the solution was determined using pH meter (LI-617, Digital pH Meter, Elico).

Determination of total acidity
An aliquot of 1mL gastric juice was diluted with 1mL of distilled water and taken into a 50 mL conical flask, two drops of phenolphthalein indicator was added to it and titrated with 0.01N NaOH until a permanent pink colour was observed. The volume of 0.01N NaOH consumed was noted. The total acidity is expressed as mEq/L by the following formula: Activity ¼ Vol: of NaOH Â N Â 100 mEq=L 0:1

Determination of free acidity
Aliquot of gastric juice was titrated with 0.01N NaOH by adding Topfer's reagent as an indicator until a permanent pink colour was observed. The volume of 0.01N NaOH consumed was noted and free acidity was calculated by the same formula for the determination of total acidity.
2.11. Ulcer healing study 2.12. Histopathology of the stomach mucosal of aspirin induced ulcers in rats On 7th days of study, rats were sacrificed by CO 2 euthanasia, to separate stomach and fixed in 10% formalin for 24 h, and gave for histopathological studies (Varun histopath, Hyderabad).

Statistical analysis
The results were expressed as mean SEM from six animals. The results were subjected to statistical analysis by using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test p < 0.05, p < 0.0001 was considered as statistically significant.

Funding source
None.