Comparative cytotoxic activity between kaempferol and gallic acid against various cancer cell lines

This data article indicates the in vitro cytotoxicity of kaempferol and gallic acid across different cancer cell lines including A2780 (ovarian), H460 (lung), A431 (skin), MIA PaCa-2 (pancreas), Du145 (prostate), HT29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), BE2-C (neuroblastoma), SJ-G2, U87 and SMA (glioblastoma). The dataset showed that the inhibitory activity of kaempferol was comparatively stronger than gallic acid. Thereby, kaempferol is offered as a potent anticancer agent for further investigation and beneficial as a dietary supplement. The data within this article relates to the research article entitled “Screening phytochemical content, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don stem extract and its fractions” (Pham et al., 2018).


a b s t r a c t
This data article indicates the in vitro cytotoxicity of kaempferol and gallic acid across different cancer cell lines including A2780 (ovarian), H460 (lung), A431 (skin), MIA PaCa-2 (pancreas), Du145 (prostate), HT29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), BE2-C (neuroblastoma), SJ-G2, U87 and SMA (glioblastoma). The dataset showed that the inhibitory activity of kaempferol was comparatively stronger than gallic acid. Thereby, kaempferol is offered as a potent anticancer agent for further investigation and beneficial as a dietary supplement. The data within this article relates to the research article entitled "Screening phytochemical content, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don stem extract and its fractions" (Pham et al., 2018 Kaempferol and gallic acid were dissolved in DMSO to generate the desired solutions before being used to treat the cell lines.

Experimental features
MTT assay was applied to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of kaempferol and gallic acid against the selected cancer cell lines.
Growth inhibition values (GI 50 , concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) of these compounds were also determined. The GI 50 values confirm the strong cytotoxicity of kaempferol (Table 1).

Data
This article indicates the comparative data of the proportion of live cancer cells after treatment with kaempferol and gallic acid at different concentrations ( Figs. 1 and 2), which were found in the Catharanthus roseus stem extract and its fractions presented in the research article entitled "Screening phytochemical content, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of C. roseus (L.) G. Don stem extract and its fractions" [1]. The GI 50 values of kaempferol and gallic acid across a panel of cancer cell lines, which inhibit the cell growth by 50%, were also determined ( Table 1). The lower GI 50 values indicate stronger growth inhibition.

Experimental design
Kaempferol and gallic acid were dissolved in DMSO to obtain the stock solutions which were then diluted using relevant media to obtain the working solutions. Tested cells were plated in culture media (100 mL) in a 96-well plate at a density of 2500-4000 cells per well. When cells were at logarithmic growth after 24 h, they were treated with the working solutions of kaempferol and gallic acid to give a final concentration of 50-0.01 mM. After 72 h of incubation, the proportion of live cell growth was determined using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.

Methods
All tested cancer lines and one non-tumour derived normal breast cell line (MCF10A) were maintained in a humidified atmosphere 5% CO 2 at 37°C. All cancer cell lines were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, 100 IU/mL penicillin, 100 mg/mL streptomycin and 2 mM L-glutamine. The non-tumour derived MCF10A cells were cultured in DMEM:F12 (1:1) cell culture media, 5% heat inactivated horse serum, supplemented with penicillin (100 IU/mL), streptomycin (100 mg/mL), 20 mM Hepes, L-glutamine (2 mM), epidermal growth factor (20 ng/mL), hydrocortisone  (500 ng/mL), cholera toxin (100 ng/mL) and insulin (10 mg/mL). Cytotoxic activity of kaempferol and gallic acid on various cancer cell lines was assessed using MTT assay as described in a previous study [2]. The absorbance values were read at 540 nm to determine the proportion of live cell growth. The growth inhibition values were also determined based on a dose response curve (50-0.01 mM).