Data on combination of parabolic solar system with CH4 cycle and power tower solar system with Cu–Cl cycle for hydrogen production in the city of Ghardaia (Algeria)

This data show the combination of parabolic through solar system with CH4 cycle and power tower solar system with Cu–Cl cycle for hydrogen production capacity in the city of Gharadaia which is located in the south of Algeria. A proper measurement of meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, and solar irradiation has been done in the city of Ghardaia due to the solar concentration in this city. In the meantime thermo-chemical systems (Cu–Cl, CH4 cycles) have been integrated with the thermal solar systems through.


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This data show the combination of parabolic through solar system with CH 4 cycle and power tower solar system with Cu-Cl cycle for hydrogen production capacity in the city of Gharadaia which is located in the south of Algeria. A proper measurement of meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, and solar irradiation has been done in the city of Ghardaia due to the solar concentration in this city. In the meantime thermo-chemical systems (Cu-Cl, CH4 cycles) have been integrated with the thermal solar systems through.
& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Specifications table
Subject area Physics More specific subject area Solar energy, Hydrogen production Type of data This data can be used to cover the energy demands in Algeria through hydrogen production. This data can be used in describing the measurement of the climate key factors in the city of Ghardaia which is considered as one of the reference points for hydrogen production from solar energy.
This data can be used in comparing the energy efficiency of parabolic through the solar system and the power tower solar system.
This data can be used in comparing the CH 4 thermo-chemical cycle, and Cu-Cl thermochemical cycle.

Data
The available data (Figs. 1-3) describe and show the solar irradiation, the humidity and the temperature in the city of Ghardaia in January 2017 where the solar irradiation is the dominant factor. It is clear that the solar irradiation is stable comparing to the other factors where the variation is instable during the same day. From Fig. 1, the solar irradiation varies between 0 W/m 2 and 700 W/m 2 . Fig. 2 shows that the maximum humidity in January 2017 is 80%; in addition, the temperature varies between 2°C and 23°C (Fig. 3). From the calculation of heat loss in power tower solar system, Table 1 shows the energy efficiency and the super-heater outlet steam temperature.

Calculation of energy efficiency of the solar parabolic trough collector system
The calculation is based on comparison between thermal and exergetic efficiency of the Solar Parabolic trough collector system for hydrogen production which has been developed by [2], and has been described in ( Fig. 6 and 7).
From both previous calculations, it is clear that there is a possibility for hydrogen production from CH 4 and Cu Cl cycles through thermal solar energy systems in the city of Ghardaia. Table 2 shows the suitable thermal solar energy system to the right thermo-chemical cycle.
The calculation of selected cycles to produce hydrogen is based on data given in Table 3.

Experimental, design, materials, and methodes
Measuring potential of necessary climatic factors in the city of Ghardaia: These data have been measured in the meteorological power station in the city of Ghardaia in January 2017 (Fig. 8) where the necessary climatic factors are temperature, humidity, and solar irradiation have been explained the ability of hydrogen production capacity through CH 4 and Cu Cl cycles under the Algerian climates where the city of Ghardaia is considered the reference. The measurements have been taken in every 10 min. The experience is based on: measuring the solar irradiation in the city of Ghardaia; motivated the solar irradiation by the efficiency of the selected solar system; compare the energy obtained with the productivity of hydrogen (the necessary power to produce 1 kg of H 2 ) from each cycle.    Comparing to the other thermo-chemical cycle, Cu-Cl cycle is the suitable solution on cloudy days due its relatively low temperature requirement [3]. Extensive research on pathways to find potential hydrogen demand has been developed, especially focusing on suitable methodologies to produce hydrogen from combination thermal solar energy systems, with thermo-chemical cycles. One of these researches has been developed about Cu-Cl cycle, Kalina cycle, and electrolyser for hydrogen production [4]. Another paper, has been developed about the integration of the receiver-reactor, with the energy collected in Cu-Cl cycle for hydrogen production [5]. Coupling between solar parabolic trough Table 1 Energy efficiency of the power tower solar system for hydrogen production [1].   collector system, with CH 4 cycle is considered to be one of the most important ways for hydrogen production. For this reason many researchers have involved in this pathway to increase hydrogen production. Stéphane Abanades, Gilles Flamant [6] have studied Solar hydrogen production from the thermal splitting of methane in a high temperature solar chemical reactor. The obtained results, CH 4 mole fraction has a strong effect on the final chemical conversion of methane. Sylvain Rodat et al [7] have studied Hydrogen production from solar thermal dissociation of natural gas: development of a 10 kW solar chemical reactor prototype. Experimental results explain that methane conversion and hydrogen yield of up to 98% and 90%, respectively. Stéphane Abanades Gilles Flamant [8] have developed an experience for studying and modeling of a high-temperature solar chemical reactor for hydrogen production from methane cracking. The obtained results showed that the conversion of CH 4 and yield of H 2 can exceed 97% and 90%, respectively. The obtained data have given a clear idea to researchers about hydrogen production to cover energy demands under Algerian climate. Table 2 The suitable thermal solar energy system to the right thermo-chemical cycle.
86.55% 515°C Table 3 Mathematical calculation of hydrogen production from CH 4 cycle and Cu-Cl cycle.      11. Origin of hydrogen currently produced worldwide [9]. Table 4 Hydrogen productivity from solar thermal energy and thermo-chemical cycle.
Hydrogen cycle production Productivity of hydrogen MJ/kg H 2 Thermal solar system CH 4 (700-1000°C) [10] 165 MJ/kg H 2 [10] Solar parabolic trough collector system Cu-Cl (25-500°C) [11] 195.7 MJ/kg H 2 [12] Power tower solar system   The design of the best solar system in the city of Ghardaia to exploit the existing data that have been taken under consideration under different climatic factors. Figs. 9 and 10 show the suitable design for combining the existing data and hydrogen production. Fig. 11 shows the hydrogen produced in the world [9]. Table 4 shows the hydrogen productivity from CH 4 cycle and Cu-Cl cycle. Fig. 12 gives the comparison between solar irradiation absorbed by a trough parabolic collector system in CH 4 cycle and the power tower solar system in Cu-Cl cycle. The energy efficiency in the thermal solar system integrated with Cu-Cl cycle (86.55%) is higher than the energy efficiency in the thermal solar system integrated in CH 4 cycle (42.21%). Fig. 13 explains that the amount of hydrogen produced from CH 4 cycle integrated with the trough parabolic collector system (energy efficiency ¼ 42.21%) is higher than the amount of hydrogen produced in Cu-Cl integrated with the power tower system (energy efficiency ¼ 86.55%).

Hydrogen production from solar energy and thermo-chemical cycles as a future solution
Fig. 14 describes the variation of temperature on function of hydrogen production from CH 4 cycle and Cu-Cl cycle. From the obtained results, the temperature has a strong impact on hydrogen production under Algerian climate through CH 4 cycle and Cu-Cl cycle. In addition, the amount of hydrogen produced from CH 4 cycle is much better than Cu-Cl cycle. Fig. 15 shows the hydrogen production from CH 4 cycle and Cu-Cl cycle on function of climatic factors in the city of Gharadaia. The humidity does not affect the hydrogen production from CH 4 cycle, and Cu-Cl cycle due to strong variation of temperature, and the solar irradiation in the city of Ghardaia.

Acknowledgments
The principal author would like to acknowledge his parents for all efforts which they have given him. The principal author also gratefully acknowledges Mr Jenckeson. The principal author would like to thanks Dr Djemoui Djem for his help to get the measurement of the climatic factors in the city of Gharadaia

Transparency document. Supporting information
Transparency data associated with this article can be found in the online version at https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.110.