Data sets on delineation of groundwater potential zones identified by geospatial tool in Gudur area, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India

The data deals with the preparation of the groundwater potential zone map of gudur area, with the help of data like geology and geomorphology, structure/lineament, slope and drainage and the thematic layer were prepared through the Survey of India toposheet Nos. N/12,N/15,N/16 and IRS-P6 LISS-III(RESOURCESAT-2) satellite data. The groundwater potential zones were obtained and classified into four categories, viz., very poor, poor, good, and very good zones. The data explains lateritic plain moderate basement with poor potential zones whereas secondarily occupies alluvial plain contains the good prospecting zone.


a b s t r a c t
The data deals with the preparation of the groundwater potential zone map of gudur area, with the help of data like geology and geomorphology, structure/lineament, slope and drainage and the thematic layer were prepared through the Survey of India toposheet Nos. N/12,N/15,N/16 and IRS-P6 LISS-III(RESOURCESAT-2) satellite data. The groundwater potential zones were obtained and classified into four categories, viz., very poor, poor, good, and very good zones. The data explains lateritic plain moderate basement with poor potential zones whereas secondarily occupies alluvial plain contains the good prospecting zone.
& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Subject area
Hydro Geology and Remote sensing and GIS Specific subject area Remote Sensing and GIS Type of data Engineers forecasting the ground water availability.
The data can be used to provide details about the geology, land use/land cover slope drainage geomorphology and hydrogeomorphology of the study area.

Data
Data sets like geology, geomorphology, land use land cover were derived from IRS-P6 LISS-III (RESOURCESAT-2) satellite data and drainage, lineaments and slope data from toposheet (GSI), SRTM DEM data, respectively. Specification Table presents the source of dataset downloads and Table 1.1 presents the relationship between thematic layers.

Study area
Gudur area is the one of the Mandal in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. The area is situated in the coast on the Bay of Bengal, it is delimited by Balayapalli, Sydapuram, Manubole, Ozili, and Chillakuru mandal and possess world richest mica (muscovite) deposits in Nellore schist belt, and also quartz, feldspars deposits and covers an area of 247.29 km 2 . It is located between longitudes 79°42 0 30 00 E-79°54 0 30 00 E and latitudes 14°13 0 00 00 N-14°16 0 30 00 N. The annual average rainfall contribution by the northeast monsoon, increases from west to east about 900 to 1300 mm ( Fig. 1.0).

Experimental design, materials and methods
Thematic maps such as drainage, geology, geomorphology, land use/land cover, structural lineament and hydrogeomorphology maps have been generate [1][2][3][4][5]. A drainage map has been generated from the SRTM (shuttle radar terrain model) digital elevation model data from USGS EARTH EXPLORER, Geology map has been generated from the District Geology and Minerals resource map of Nellore district (2001) and Soil map has been generated from the soil maps of Gudur area, and Nellore districts published by the Andhra Pradesh state Agricultural Department (2002). The preparation of geomorphology, land use/land cover maps were prepared from -IRS-P6 LISS-III (RESOURCESAT-2) data. Lineaments were extracted from toposheet taking into consideration of drainage pattern. The output data was draped on to the satellite image for its extension and best fit [6]. In addition to that extensively field checks were done in the study area.

Geology
The Nellore schist belt extends parallel to the Eastern border of the cuddapah basin as an N-S trending actuate belt over a length of 180 km between Podili (Prakasam district) in the north and   Naidupeta in the south, with width ranging between 5 km and 501 km. Here, geology was comprised the Hornblende chlorite schist, quartzite's, Gneisses, Granite gneisses, gneisses granitoid complex, peninsular gneissic complex, Calc-silicate rocks and unconsolidated alluvial sediments (Fig. 2.0).

Geomorphology
The prominent geomorphic units have been identified in the area through interpretation of Satellite Imagery are Alluvial Plain Moderate (APM), Linear Ridge (LR), Pediment, inselberg, Lateritic plain deep basement (LPD), Valley fill shallow (VFS), Denudational1 hills (DH), Laterite plain moderate (LPM), Pedi plain Moderate weathered (PMW) and Water bodies. Among all geomorphic features, the valley fill contains high infiltration with a good groundwater potential zone (Fig. 3.0).

Structures/lineament
Lineaments were structural control of the groundwater movement and played a vital role in the infiltration run off into the ground. In that present study area, 81 lineaments have been mapped through analysis of satellite data9 (Fig. 4.0). The analysis reveals that the majority of lineaments area oriented in Southwest to Northeast direction.

Slope
The slope map of the study area was prepared from SRTM Dem 30 m resolution to extract topographic information such as slope9 (Fig. 5.0). The analysis of slope map indicates that the study area covers five types of slope categories. The southern and south western parts of the study area has steep to gently slope and the remaining parts has nearly level to very gently slope [7].

Drainage
The drainage map shows a Dendritic and Sub-dendritic drainage pattern is the most common pattern existing in the area which is characterized by irregular branching of tributary streams in many directions and at less than right angles. The patterns are observed to be developed in the granitic gneissic denudation hills and rolling pediplains of the study area, where structural control is negligible ( Fig. 6.0). In the study area, four stream orders have been calculated, and 304 first order streams, 209 second order streams, 116 third order streams and 75 fourth order streams were derived.

Relationship of the data in groundwater potential zone map
The hydro geomorphological map was prepared based on the specific tone, texture, size, shape and association characteristics of remotely sensed data. The purpose of elaborating a hydro geomorphological map intended to delineate the potential groundwater areas for the study region [8]. The occurrence of groundwater, based on the geomorphological units and its characteristics of the Gudur area is shown in the table 1.1 and shown Fig. 7.0.