Data on modeling mycelium growth in Pleurotus sp. cultivation by using agricultural wastes via two level factorial analysis

In this article, five variables including type of substrates, sizes of substrates, mass ratio of spawn to substrates (SP/SS), temperature and pretreatment of substrates were used to model mycelium growth in Pleurotus sp. (oyster mushroom) cultivation by using agricultural wastes via two level factorial analysis. Two different substrates which were empty fruit bunch (EFB) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) were used. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for both mycelium extension rate (M) and nitrogen concentration in mycelium (N) showed that the confidence level was greater than 95% while p-value of both models were less than 0.05 which is significant. The coefficient of determination (R2) for both M and N were 0.8829 and 0.9819 respectively. From the experiment, the best condition to achieve maximum M (0.8 cm/day) and N (656 mg/L) was by using substrate B, 2.5 cm size of substrate, 1:14 for SP/SS, incubated at ambient temperature and application of steam treatment. The data showed that EFB can be used to replace sawdust as a media for the oyster mushroom cultivation. Data analysis was performed using Design Expert version 7.0.


a b s t r a c t
In this article, five variables including type of substrates, sizes of substrates, mass ratio of spawn to substrates (SP/SS), temperature and pretreatment of substrates were used to model mycelium growth in Pleurotus sp. (oyster mushroom) cultivation by using agricultural wastes via two level factorial analysis. Two different substrates which were empty fruit bunch (EFB) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) were used. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for both mycelium extension rate (M) and nitrogen concentration in mycelium (N) showed that the confidence level was greater than 95% while p-value of both models were less than 0.05 which is significant. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) for both M and N were 0.8829 and 0.9819 respectively. From the experiment, the best condition to achieve maximum M (0.8 cm/day) and N (656 mg/L) was by using substrate B, 2.5 cm size of substrate, 1:14 for SP/SS, incubated at ambient temperature and application of steam treatment. The data showed that EFB can be used to replace sawdust as a media for the oyster mushroom cultivation. Data analysis was performed using Design Expert version 7.0.
&  Subject area  Environmental Science  More specific subject area Biotechnology  Type of data  Figure and Table  How data was acquired The substrates were cut (1.5 cm and 2.5 cm), then soaked in water overnight, filtered to drain excess water and weighed at 100 g. Then, the substrates were pretreated (application of steam or no treatment) and inoculated with spawn by placing the spawn on the surface of substrate according to the selected mass ratio of spawn to substrates. The bottles were closed and incubated (at ambient or 25°C) in the dark condition. Then, mycelium extension was measured and HACH spectrophotometer was used to analyze nitrogen concentration in the substrate. Experimental data were analyzed by using Design Expert software in order to determine the most contributing factors.

Data format
Raw, analyzed Experimental factors The main and interaction effects of type of substrate, sizes of substrates, mass ratio of spawn to substrates (SP/SS), temperature and pretreatment of substrates to mycelium extension rate (M) and nitrogen concentration in mycelium (N) were evaluated.

Experimental features
Mycelium growth extension rate was determined and nitrogen concentration in mycelium was analyzed Data source location Universiti Malaysia Pahang Data accessibility All data are available within the paper

Value of the data
Agricultural wastes were used for mycelium growth of Pleurotus sp. cultivation. The data will be useful for application of agricultural wastes in industrial Pleurotus sp. cultivation.
Agricultural wastes such as empty palm fruit bunch (EFB) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) are among the most abundant wastes in Malaysia. Cultivation of Pleurotus sp. (oyster mushroom) by using agricultural wastes is one of the sustainable methods with low cost substrate.
This data will be useful to researchers and scientific community wanting to analyze the ability of EFB in Pleurotus sp. cultivation.

Data
The obtained data in this paper indicated the mycelium growth of Pleurotus sp. cultivation by using agricultural wastes. Five studied variables (type of substrates, sizes of substrate, mass ratio of spawn to substrate (SP/SS), temperature and pretreatment of substrates) and their levels have been shown in Table 1. Meanwhile, Table 2 shows the experimental design by Design Expert software

Collection of substrates and spawns
Five bunches empty palm fruit bunch (EFB) were collected from palm oil plantation at Banting, Selangor. Meanwhile, 800 g of sugarcane bagasse (SB) was collected at Semenyih, Selangor. 400 g of Pleurotus sp. spawn has been purchased from mushroom grower at Kuantan, Pahang.

Experimental design for factorial analysis
There were five selected factors that give contribution to oyster mushroom growth ( Table 1). The factors were type of substrates, size of substrates, mass ratio of spawn to substrates (SP/SS), temperature and pre-treatment of substrates. The experimental design in Table 2 was constructed by   using Design Expert software where all the factors were randomized [2]. SB (A) and EFB (B) were prepared in bottles according to run in Table 2. Firstly, the substrates were cut into the selected size, then soaked in water for overnight, filtered to drain excess water and weighed for 100 g. Then, the substrates were pretreated with selected treatment and inoculated with spawn by placing the spawn on the surface of substrate. The bottles were closed and incubated at selected temperature in dark condition. The experiment was conducted according to set-up in Table 2. There were two responses which were mycelium extension rate (M) and nitrogen concentration in mycelium (N). Experimental data were analyzed using the same software in order to determine the most contributing factors.

Sample analysis
Sample analysis was conducted after the bottle fully colonized with mycelium. There were two responses which were mycelium extension rate (M) and nitrogen concentration in mycelium (N).

Determination of mycelium growth
Mycelium growth was measured in centimeters as the length of the mycelium spreading from the surface of substrates toward the bottom of bottles [1]. The equation for mycelium extension rate (M) is as Eq. (3); 2.3.2. Nitrogen concentration analysis by using HACH Spectrophotometer N was determined by using Persulfate Digestion Method (Method 10072). The mycelium was collected from the substrates and diluted by using deionized water. Then, N was analyzed by using HACH Spectrophotometer.

Data analysis
All data obtained were recorded in Design Expert software. The responses were analyzed using ANOVA based on p-value with 95% of confidence level to identify the most contributing factors and interaction between the factors that affect both responses M and N. Table 3 shows the percentage contribution for each factor to mycelium extension rate (M). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (F-test) and p-value for M was used to estimate the coefficients of the model, to check the significance of each parameter, and to indicate the interaction strength of each parameter. It was observed from the ANOVA analysis that the confidence level was greater than 95% while p-value of the model was less than 0.0313. The model with the p-value less than 0.05 was statistically significant, which implied that the model was suitable for the experiment. p-value for type of substrate (0.3957), size of substrate (0.4726), SP/SS (0.2895), temperature (0.2895) and pretreatment of substrate (0.0015). In this case, pretreatment of substrate is the most significant since it has p-value less than 0.05. This also was supported by the information in Pareto Chart (Fig. 1). The coefficient of      Table 4 shows the percentage contribution for each factor to nitrogen concentration in mycelium (N). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) observed that the confidence level was greater than 95% while p-value of the model was less than 0.0313. p-value for type of substrate (0.0015), size of substrate (0.1397), SP/SS (0.9829), temperature (0.1007) and pretreatment of substrate (0.3915). In this case, type of substrate is the most significant since it has p-value less than 0.05. This also was supported by the information in Pareto Chart (Fig. 6). This model showed R 2 was 0.9819. Fig. 7 shows the effect of the most contributing factors in M. The normal probability plot of the residuals and the parity plot comparing the experimental data and predicted have been shown in Figs. 8 and 9 respectively, meanwhile The Box-Cox plot of a natural log (Ln) of the residual sum of square vs lambda has been shown in Fig. 10.

Validation experiment
Validation experiment was conducted based on the suggested best conditions from Design Expert software (Table 5). From the experiment, the maximum values of M and N were 0.8 cm/day and 656 mg/L respectively.