Data on health risk assessment of fluoride in water distribution network of Iranshahr, Iran

The main of this data was determine the concentrations and health risks of fluoride in 66 drinking water samples collected from villages of the Iranshahr city, Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Iran. Fluoride concentration was measured by the standard SPADNS method. Data indicated that fluoride concentration in drinking water ranged from 0.25 to 1.72 mg L−1 and average of fluoride concentration was 0.27 mg L−1. The mean estimated daily intake (EDI) values for fluoride in different groups of infants, children, teenagers and adults were 0.0021, 0.0151, 0.0107 and 0.0086 mg/kg, respectively. Also, risk assessment data indicated that hazard quotient (HQ) value of groundwater samples is more than 1 in 6% of groundwater samples in age groups of children and teenagers.


a b s t r a c t
The main of this data was determine the concentrations and health risks of fluoride in 66 drinking water samples collected from villages of the Iranshahr city, Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Iran. Fluoride concentration was measured by the standard SPADNS method. Data indicated that fluoride concentration in drinking water ranged from 0.25 to 1.72 mg L À 1 and average of fluoride concentration was 0.27 mg L À 1 . The mean estimated daily intake (EDI) values for fluoride in different groups of infants, children, teenagers and adults were 0.0021, 0.0151, 0.0107 and 0.0086 mg/kg, respectively. Also, risk assessment data indicated that hazard quotient (HQ) value of groundwater samples is more than 1 in 6% of groundwater samples in age groups of children and teenagers.

Subject area
Water quality More specific subject area Water fluoride Type of data

Value of the data
Knowledge of fluoride level in potable groundwater is important for health care personnel and policymaker.
Based on data, the fluoride concentration in 98% of water samples were less than the maximum permissible limits (1.5 mg/L) according WHO guidelines.
Health risk assessment and data analysis indicated that HQ value was less than 1 in 94% of samples in all age groups and HQ value was more than 1 in 6% of samples in age groups of children and teenagers, so should be selected a suitable resource of drinking water for this age group.
Base on the data, DE fluoridation of drinking water could be recommended in fluorotic rural area with high fluoride concentrations. Fig. 1 shows location of the water sampling in Iranshahr city, Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran. And Fig. 2 Dispersion of fluoride by GIS software. the parameters used to in this data for health exposure assessment in drinking water. Fluoride concentration, EDI and HQ for the four populations of water consumers in the data have been shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

Description of study area
Iranshahr city is located in Sistan and Baluchistan province of Iran between the latitudes 27°12 0 N and Longitudes 60°41 0 E. According to the demographic information of Iran, this city encompassed with an area 30,200 km 2 . Iranshahr city has a warm and dry climate with an annual mean temperature of 26.5°C [8][9][10].

Determination of fluoride concentration in drinking water
For this data, 66 samples were taken from drinking water resources from villages during 12 months (2016). For this purpose, polyethylene bottles washed twice with deionized water and used  for sampling. The water samples were transported to the laboratory in 4°and stored in a dark place at room temperature until analysis. Fluoride concentration of water samples were analyzed by SPADNS method using UV-visible Spectrophotometer (DR/5000, USA) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].

Risk assessment of fluoride
In order to estimate the probability of adverse health effects it is necessary to assess human health risk. So, the quantitative health risk assessment of fluoride through consumption of drinking water was evaluated in rural population of Iranshahr city. For this purpose, water samples were taken from village areas. We divided population into four age groups based on physiological and behavioral differences according to study by  as fallow: infants (less than 2 years), children (2 to o6 years), teenagers (6 to o16 years) and adults (Z 16 years). The daily exposure to fluoride was calculated in these groups using Eq. (1) [2]: EDI: Estimation of daily fluoride consumption C f : Fluoride concentration in drinking water (mg/L) C d : Average daily drinking water intake B w : body weight (Kg) Water consumption and body weight data were measured based on a questionnaire that was asked from target groups (infants, children, adolescents and adults). The average water consumption rates in infants (0-2 years old), children (2-6 years old), teenagers (6-16 years old) and adults (Z 16 years old) were 0.08, 0.85, 2 and 2.5 L day À 1 , respectively. Body weights of target groups were considered 10, 15, 50 and 78 kg, respectively. HQ is the non-carcinogenic risk of fluoride to human health that was calculated using Eq. (2).
EDI: Estimated Daily intake (mg/kg d) RFD: reference dose of fluoride (mg/Kg/day) The reference dose for fluoride is (0.06 mg kg À 1 d À 1 ). A value of HQ less than one indicates a negligible risk of non-carcinogenic effects and HQ higher than one indicates a significant risk level [22][23][24][25].