Data on health risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water in the Khash city of Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran

According to studies, high concentration of fluoride in drinking water has adverse health effects such as dental and skeletal fluorosis. This data analyzes the concentrations and health risks of fluoride in 30 drinking water samples collected from 11 villages of the Khash city, Sistan and Baluchistan province in Iran. Fluoride concentration was measured using SPADNS method according to the standard method for examination of water and wastewater. Data indicated that average fluoride concentration in drinking water was 0.731 mg L−1. The mean estimated daily intake (EDI) values for fluoride in different groups of infants, children, teenagers and adults were 0.0058, 0.0414, 0.0292 and 0.0234 mg/kg, respectively. Also, risk assessment data indicated that hazard quotient (HQ) value of groundwater samples was less than one in 90% of samples in age groups of infants, children, teenagers and adults.


Specifications
Water quality and risk assessment More specific subject area Water fluoride Type of data Table and Figure  How data was acquired All water samples were analyzed using SPADNS according to standard method for method examination water and wastewater. Also, fluoride concentration was determined by Spectrophotometer (DR/ 5000, USA). Data format Raw, Analyzed Experimental factors Water samples were stored in polyethylene bottles in a dark place at room temperature until analysis.

Experimental features
Determine the concentration levels of fluoride Data source location Khash region, of Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran Data accessibility The data are available with this article

Value of the data
Continuous monitoring of water resources for fluoride is essential due to prevention of undesirable health effects.
The data of this research showed that the fluoride concentration in all of water samples was less than the maximum permissible limits (1.5 mg/L) according to world health organization (WHO) guidelines [1].
Based on the data, the amount of fluoride in some sampling points was less than 0.5 mg/L, so it is recommended to use toothpaste containing fluoride.
Health risk assessment and data analysis indicated that HQ value was 4 1 for the age group of children in three sampling areas, so select of a suitable resource of drinking water for this age group could be recommended. Table 1 shows the parameters used to calculate the fluoride risk assessment in water samples. Fluoride concentration and EDI and hazard quotient HQ for the four populations of water consumers in the data have been shown in Table 2. Also, geological distribution of fluoride in the research area is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Description of study area
Khash city is located in Sistan and Baluchistan Province of Iran between the latitudes 28°13 0 N and Longitudes 61°13 0 E. According to the demographic information of Iran, this city is populated with almost 173,821 with an area 19.376 square kilometers. Khah city has a warm and dry climate and the highest and lowest air temperatures are 37°C and À 7°C, respectively [8][9][10][11].

Determination of fluoride concentration in drinking water
The samples of this data were collected from rural drinking water sources from 11 villages of the Khash city from 2016 to 2017. 30 samples were taken from the ground water wells in sterile polyethylene bottles and then transported to laboratory. Fluoride concentration of water samples were analyzed by SPADNS method at wavelength of 580 nm and measured using a Spectrophotometer (DR/5000, USA) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Excel software has been used for analysis of data. Finally, fluoride concentration was compared with WHO guidelines [18][19][20][21][22].   Human health risk assessment is defined as the probability of adverse health effects to humans that may be exposed to chemicals in an infected environment [1,2]. So, the health risk of fluoride through consumption of drinking water was assessed in rural population of Khash city. After the collection and analysis of samples divided the population into four age groups according to a study by Mahmood Yousefi et al. as follow [2]: infants (less than 2 years old), children (2 to o 6 years old), teenagers (6 to o 16 years old) and adults (Z 16 years old). The daily exposure to fluoride was calculated in these groups using Eq. (1): where EDI is estimation of daily fluoride consumption (mg/kg day), C f is fluoride concentration in drinking water (mg/L), C d is average daily drinking water intake and B w is body weight (kg). Water consumption and body weight data were measured based on a questionnaire that was asked from target groups (infants, children, adolescents and adults). The average water consumption rates in infants (0-2 years old), children (2-6 years old), teenagers (6-16 years old) and adults (Z 16 years old) were 0.08, 0.85, 2 and 2.5 L day À 1 , respectively. Body weight of target groups were considered 10, 15, 50 and 78 kg, respectively. HQ is the noncarcinogenic risk of fluoride to human health that was calculated using Eq. (2) [1][2][3][4][5].
HQ ¼ EDI RfD ð2Þ The reference dose (RfD, mg/kg d) was used to estimate of the daily exposure of fluoride in the community that is likely to be without a considerable risk of adverse effects during a lifetime. The oral reference doses of fluoride is 0.06 mg kg À 1 d À 1 according to the integrated Risk Information System, USEPA. A value of HQ less than one indicates a negligible risk of non-carcinogenic effects and HQ higher than one indicates a significant risk level.