Data on in vivo antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective potential of Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benn.) Benth leaves

This data article reports on the in vivo biochemical activity of ethanolic extract of Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benn.) Benth leaves (ETD) in male Wistar rats at an oral dose of 500–1500 mg/kg daily for 14 days. Control groups were administered distilled water and Vitamin C (10 mg/kg; b.wt). Indices of oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, liver injury and liver pathology were estimated in the plasma and organs after the investigation period. Oral treatment with ETD increased organ superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, renal reduced glutathione (GSH) and plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations while reducing plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, plasma cholesterol (CHOL), bilirubin (DBIL) and organ malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (P<0.05). Data was supported by histological report showing no pathologic abnormality. This data indicate ethanolic extract of T. daniellii leaves shows antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective potential.


a b s t r a c t
This data article reports on the in vivo biochemical activity of ethanolic extract of Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benn.) Benth leaves (ETD) in male Wistar rats at an oral dose of 500-1500 mg/kg daily for 14 days. Control groups were administered distilled water and Vitamin C (10 mg/kg; b.wt). Indices of oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, liver injury and liver pathology were estimated in the plasma and organs after the investigation period. Oral treatment with ETD increased organ superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, renal reduced glutathione (GSH) and plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations while reducing plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, plasma cholesterol (CHOL), bilirubin (DBIL) and organ malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (Po 0.05). Data

Value of the data
The presented data indicate T. daniellii leaf possess antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties comparable with vitamin C.
Data shows T. daniellii leaf may not be toxic or injurious to the organs at the tested doses and time frame.
The data in this article may prove that T. daniellii leaf is a natural source of bioactivities with healthy benefits.
The data is important in promoting an alternative use of T. daniellii leaf which is usually discarded as waste.

Data
The data describes the effect of ethanolic extract of Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves (ETD) on oxidative stress parameters, lipid profile, liver function and pathology. Data on the effect of ETD treatment on weight gain, organ weight, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations are presented in Figs. 1-4 respectively. Plasma and organ lipid profile and liver function parameters are shown in Tables 1 and 2 respectively. Histological data on changes in rat liver is depicted in Fig. 5.

Collection of plant samples and extracts preparations
Mature T. daniellii leaves were bought from Oja-Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria and identified by Dr J.O. Popoola from Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria. Leaf extract was prepared as reported by Chinedu et al. [1] and Iheagwam et al. [2].

Experimental animals
Twenty-five apparently healthy male Wistar rats aged 4-6 weeks old and weighing between 100 g and 150 g were obtained from Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB). Experimental   animals were maintained under standard laboratory conditions and allowed access to rodent pellets (Grace Feeds) and water ad libitum. Prior the experiments, they were fasted overnight with access to water. Covenant University Ethics committee Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals was strictly adhered to.

Animal groupings and treatment
The rats were weighed and distributed into 5 groups of 5 animals each. Three of the groups served as the treatment groups and were administered with 500-1500 mg/kg b.wt of ethanolic extract of Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves (ETD) for 14 days while the remaining 2 groups which served as the controls were administered 1 mL/kg b.wt of vehicle and 10 mg/kg b.wt of vitamin C (Table 3). After 14 days of oral dosing, the animals were fasted overnight for over 12 h, weighed and sacrificed under mild euthanasia with diethyl ether. Fresh blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Tissue homogenates were prepared as described by Chinedu et al. [1].

Animal and organ weight
Animal and organ weights were measured as a sign of animal and organ toxicity using weighing balance (Ohaus Corp., PA4202C, New Jersey, USA). Data is depicted in Fig. 1.

Indices of oxidative stress
SOD was determined according to the method of Marklund and Marklund [3]. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was assayed according to the method described by Sedlak and Lindsay [4]. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was evaluated using the method of Buege and Aust [5] as an index of lipid peroxidation. Data is presented in Figs. 2-4 respectively.

Lipid profile
Cholesterol, triglyceride, high-and low-density lipoprotein were determined spectrophotometrically using commercial kits (Randox Lab., England, UK) according to manufacturer's instructions. The data outcome is recorded in Table 1.

Liver function parameters
Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total and direct bilirubin were determined spectrophotometrically using commercial kits according to manufacturer's instructions (Randox Lab., England, UK). Raw data are shown in Table 2.

Histopathology
Histopathology of liver tissues were evaluated as reported by Chinedu et al. [1]. The observations are shown in Fig. 5.

Statistical analysis
All data were expressed as mean 7 Standard deviation (S.D.). Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) considered statistically significant at p o0.05 and p o0.01. Table 3 Animal grouping and treatment.