Contributing to agricultural mix:analysis of the living standard measurement study – Integrated survey on agriculture data set

The Living Standard Measurement Study- Integrated Survey on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) is a General Household Survey (GHS) and a cross-sectional survey consisting of 22,000 households which is carried out periodically across the globe. Currently, the GHS has three panels consisting of 5000 households of the GHS collecting additional data on agricultural activities, other household income activities, and household expenditure and consumption, among others. This is to improve data from the agricultural sector and the linkage to other facets of households’ characteristics and outcomes. The LSMS data-set, questionnaire, and basic information document are freely available online at: http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2734.


How data was acquired
Data was collected through a survey. For Nigeria, the GHS-Panel sample 1   Value of the data LSMS-ISA data is an integration of longitudinal panel survey into GHS that makes it possible to produce a more comprehensive analysis of poverty indicators on socio-economic characteristics for rural households 3 LSMS-ISA data helps in building capacity and the development of sustainable systems for the production of accurate and timely information on agricultural households LSMS-ISA helps the development of an innovating model for collecting agricultural data LSMS generates high-quality data, improving survey methods, and building capacity. The goal of the LSMS is to facilitate the use of household survey data for evidence-based policymaking. 1 A part of population representing the whole population. Sample selection is a subject of statistical methods that takes into consideration the characteristics of both the population and individual members of the population, while population is a Set of elements which make the whole, which could be all the people in a country or an entity, all households, etc. 2 Interview is referred to as a procedure by which information on certain person is collected directly from the person. The person giving information on him/her is a "direct respondent". 3 Household is a Social unit consisting of one or more persons, who use joint accommodation and food. In other words, a household is a group of persons, who normally live in the same household unit ("live under the same roof"), who are or are not related and who eat together ("eat from the same pot").

The data
The rural households' survey is important source of development data, but in low-and middleincome countries, the capacity to conduct and analyse them widely differs. The LSMS-ISA helps address these issues with respect to agricultural data [1].
The Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA), General Household Survey (GHS) Panel is part of a larger, regional project in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to improve agricultural data for analysis. Ethiopia, Mali, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda are the seven countries being supported by the World Bank through funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), to strengthen the production of household-level data on agriculture. This regional project, the LSMS-ISA has the aim of enhancing people's understanding of agriculture in SSA, specifically, its role on household welfare, access to agricultural land and poverty reduction [1].

Experimental design, materials, and methods
The survey instruments for this data set is based on LSMS-ISA for the Household Survey Panel sample which comprises of 5000 households (for three Waves; wave 1, 2011/2012 sessions; Wave 2, 2013/2014 session; and Wave 3, 2015/2016 session) were considered to be characteristics at the zonal and national levels which is made up of both the urban and rural areas.
Wave 3 GHS-Panel comprises three questionnaires 4 for the two different visits (post planting and post-harvesting seasons). Questionnaire for the survey was given to household members in the survey sample for the visits. The survey was conducted on three different levels "survey on Households, a survey on agriculture and survey on the community". The survey on agriculture involves questionnaire which was given to individuals who are farmers and engages in agricultural activities like crop farming, rearing of livestock and other similar activities. The survey for the community involves questionnaire which was administered to the community in the collection of the necessary information on their socio-economic indicators of the enumeration areas where the sample households live. The questionnaires are presented are summarised herein.

GHS-Panel Household Questionnaire
The Household Questionnaire gives data on socioeconomics; instruction; wellbeing (counting anthropometric estimation for kids and kid vaccination); work and work information accumulation alternatives; nourishment and non-sustenance use; family unit nonfarm pay producing exercises; nourishment security and stuns; security nets; lodging conditions; resources; data and correspondence innovation; and different wellsprings of family unit salary.

GHS-Panel Agriculture Questionnaire
The Agriculture Questionnaire solicits information on the ownership of land and its uses such as farm labour; inputs use; GPS measuring area of land and management of household farmland; machinery used for farming; irrigation; harvesting and crop utilisation; animal holdings and fishing (Tables 1 and 2). 4 There are two types of questions used in the questionnaire: i. Closed ended questions: (a) both question text and question code are read: For this type of question, the interviewer must literally read questions and slowly, one-by-one, list of offered codes. In such questions, both question and code are printed in small letters. (b) Only Question Text is Read-: For this type of question, the interviewer reads only the text of the question, waits for the answer and then selects corresponding code and enters it. In this type of question, question text is printed in small letters and question codes are printed in CAPITAL letters.
ii. Open ended Questions: For this type of question, the interviewer reads only question text and then enters answer exactly as given by the respondent. For such questions there are no offered answers, and the interviewer enters either words or numbers depending on the question and answer. "Respondent's name" is an example of open question where the interviewer enters words.   Table 3 shows the details of Waves sample. The Wave 3 sample size for households interviewed in both post-planting and post-harvest visit is 4581. This size is only 135 households less than Wave 2. However, there were some households that were not interviewed in Wave 2 that were found and interviewed in Wave 3. Geo-political Regions