Nano-cellulose biopolymer based nano-biofilm biomaterial using plant biomass: An innovative plant biomaterial dataset

The nano-cellulose derived nano-biofilm keeps a magnificent role in medical, biomedical, bioengineering and pharmaceutical industries. Plant biomaterial is naturally organic and biodegradable. This study has been highlighted as one of the strategy introducing biomass based nano-bioplastic (nanobiofilm) to solve dependency on petroleum and environment pollution because of non-degradable plastic. The data study was carried out to investigate the nano-biopolymer (nanocellulose) based nano-biofilm data from corn leaf biomass coming after bioprocess technology without chemicals. Corn leaf biomass was used to produce biodegradable nano-bioplastic for medical and biomedical and other industrial uses. Data on water absorption, odor, pH, cellulose content, shape and firmness, color coating and tensile strength test have been exhibited under standardization of ASTM (American standard for testing and materials). Moreover, the chemical elements of nanobiofilm like K+, CO3−−, Cl−, Na+ showed standard data using the EN (166).


a b s t r a c t
The nano-cellulose derived nano-biofilm keeps a magnificent role in medical, biomedical, bioengineering and pharmaceutical industries. Plant biomaterial is naturally organic and biodegradable. This study has been highlighted as one of the strategy introducing biomass based nano-bioplastic (nanobiofilm) to solve dependency on petroleum and environment pollution because of non-degradable plastic. The data study was carried out to investigate the nano-biopolymer (nanocellulose) based nano-biofilm data from corn leaf biomass coming after bioprocess technology without chemicals. Corn leaf biomass was used to produce biodegradable nano-bioplastic for medical and biomedical and other industrial uses. Data on water absorption, odor, pH, cellulose content, shape and firmness, color coating and tensile strength test have been exhibited under standardization of ASTM (American standard for testing and materials). Moreover, the chemical elements of nanobiofilm like K þ , CO 3 Specification Value of the data 1. Data have been highlighted bearing innovative information on nano-biofilm or other definite biomaterials for medical, biomedical and bioengineering industries from corn leaf biomass. 2. Data exhibited a outstanding and an innovative research. Data would be a valuable to the related researcher and academician, on nano-biofilm production using plant biomass as plant biomaterial. 3. Data investigated the appropriate quality of nano-cellulose based nano-biofilm plant biomaterial production using agro-biomass according to the ASTM (American standard for testing and materials) and EN (European Norms) standardization. 4. Data can be explored for the future studies in the related research community all over the world.

Data
Data show the nano-biofilm production procedure derived from nanocellulose based corn leaf biomass ( Fig. 1). Data observe the nanosized biofilm as nanocellulose detected by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) (Fig. 2) (Table 1). In Table 2, data exhibit the negligible water percent absorbed by nanobiomaterial based nano-biofilm. Moreover, data of the odor, color of flame and speed of burning represented by burning test were no odor, yellow-orange flame and slow speed of burning respectively which were under the standardization of burning test (Table 3). In addition, data describe on the color dying time for drying at different hours (Table 4). Table 5 shows the tensile strength and tensile modulus for the nano-bioplastic derived nanobiofilm. Data mentioned in Table 6, show the positive shape and size test for the nano-biofilm. In Table 7, data observe the value on pH and cellulose. In addition, chemical elements test data from nanobiofilm samples like K þ , CO 3 −− , Cl − , Na þ were measured and represented data using the EN (166)) standardization (Table 8).

Sample collection and preparation
Five kg corn stalk new leaves were collected from the farmers field, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia and Hail regional area, KSA. Leaves were randomly chosen from both area and removed from corn stalk and washed to clean. Washed leaves were sliced by scissors and boiled (Fig. 1 Table 1 Measurement of nanocellulose by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

Materials
Nanocellulose size Corn leaves sample as raw material of Nano-biofilm 20 nm Nanoparticle size 1-100 nm    blender. After blending it was again ground for fine mixing by motor and pestle and put it to the beaker.

pH determination
The pH was determined by using Horiba Scientific pH meter, Japan.

Cellulose determination
The quantitative determination of cellulose content from the corn sample was made by anthrone reagent [1]. A standard curve was drawn by measuring the absorbance of known concentration of cellulose solutions at 620 nm. Anthrone reagent consisted of acetic nitric reagent, 67% sulfuric acid, 10 ml anthrone solution. The tubes were then kept the boiling water bath for 16 min. The mixture (centrifuged sample 0.2 g/10 ml and chemical mixture) was then cooled in ice bath for 2-3 min and made it normal at room temperature. To measure cellulose content, 3 ml of unknown cellulose solution was filled into a test tube, followed by addition of 3 ml of anthrone reagent and its absorbance at 620 nm was measured.

Samples pyrolysis
Blended and ground sample was heated at 150°C in pressure cooker for 2 hours at 30 psi until the sample become liquid paste. After heating the liquid fiber samples were cooled down. A 0.8% (w/v) sodium chlorite (NaClO 2 ) solution and acetic acid were added to acidify the NaClO 2 solution until the pH reached 4.5. The fibers were boiled in NaClO 2 solution for 3 h at 70-80°C whereby the ratio of fiber to NaClO 2 solution was set to 1: 30. The bleaching process was repeated for five times until fiber became white and then filtered. After being filtered, the residue was washed for several times with distilled water and dried in air. The bleached cellulose obtained was heated to 70-80°C in 5% (w/v) sodium sulfite solution for 2 h. The fibers were filtered, washed, and dried in the air. After being dried, the fibers were treated in 17.5% (w/v) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 2 h. The residue was washed for several times with distilled water.

Nano-particle preparation by acid hydrolysis
Fiber sample was hydrolyzed (100 ml/50 g sample) by hydrochloric acid (HCl 99% pure) to make it micro to nano size particle for 12 h. The water bath (60°C) was used during the process of hydrolysis occurred. After 12 h the samples were separated by separation funnel and washed by distilled water five times (Fig. 1).

Nanoparticle measurement
Nano particle size was measured by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Fig. 2). TEM images were obtained using a JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope operated at 120 kV. For TEM sample preparation, the nanocellulose particles were deposited on a carbon-coated grid by placing a drop of a very dilute cellulose nanofiber suspension on the grid and then allowed to dry in order to evaporate the liquid.

Plasticizer mixture
Acetic acid 5% (5 ml/100 g cellulose sample), 5 ml/100 g (polyvinyl chloride), and starch powder 20%, and 20% water were added with the 500 g of cellulose (65.5%) samples. Later 10 ml/100 g PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and glycerin (5 ml/100 g) were added with the mixture of cellulose samples and waited for 10 min to mix up well. Then the mixture was heated at 150°C in the oven for 30 min at 30 psi pressure followed by pyrolysis method as ASTM standard until visual plasticity occurred in the oven for nanobioplastic film material. The raw nanobiofilm were taken it out from the oven and kept it in room temperature at 28°C for cooling down for 10 min. Then raw nanobiofilm was put in the aluminum foils to make it dry for 30 min. Al last, semidried nano-bioplastic film was oven dried at 80°C for 2 h. The completely dried nanobioplastic film was used for different tests to investigate the fitness.
2.8. Testing fitness 2.8.1. Absorption test (as ASTM D570) [2] For the water absorption test, the specimens were dried in an oven for a specified time and temperature and then placed into the desiccator to cool. Immediately upon cooling the specimens were weighed. The material was then emerged in water at agreed upon conditions, often 23°C for 48 h. Specimens were removed, patted dry with a lint free cloth and weighed (Fig. 3). The diameter of disk was 5 cm and 2 mm thick. Water absorption was calculated.

Odor test
It was burnt by using gas burner. Odor, color of flame, speed of burning and spark were observed by visual observation and compared with the synthetic bumper by ASTM D3801 (Fig. 4).

Color test
Spray coating dye was used as the mode of application. It was attached properly with plastic and dried after 1 h (Fig. 1).

Shape and size test
By the hammer it was continuously beaten for 2 min and pulled on for 5 min. There was no change of its shape and size.

Firmness test: (Bore test)
Bioplastic film was hit by the hammer of 1 kg on the screw set on the biofilm. Hit was completed for 5 min.

Chemical element test
Chemical element like K þ , CO 3 −− , Cl − , Na þ were tested using different meters. K þ and Na þ were tested by LAQUA twin Kþ meter and LAQUA twin Naþ meter (Horiba, Japan). CO 3

−
, and Cl − were tested by Photometer PF-3,version A (Macherey-Nagel, Germany). In the case of all chemical elements positive results exhibited and compared to the synthetic plastic in the laboratory using the EN (166) standardization ( Fig. 1) [4].

Statistical analysis
Randomized Complete Design (CRD). The sample was selected randomly from the different lots in the experiment. Standard deviation was calculated from the mean of the replicates and Standard error was analyzed from standard deviation using 3 replicates of the samples where necessary (n ¼ 3) (n ¼ replicate).