Chemical structure of hollow carbon spheres and polyaniline nanocomposite

In this data article, the chemical data of hollow carbon spheres and polyaniline (HCS@PANI) nanocomposite are presented for the research article entitled “Novel electrochemical biosensor based on core-shell nanostructured composite of hollow carbon spheres and polyaniline for sensitively detecting malathion” (He et al., 2018) [1]. The data includes chemical structure and components obtained by Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms.


a b s t r a c t
In this data article, the chemical data of hollow carbon spheres and polyaniline (HCS@PANI) nanocomposite are presented for the research article entitled "Novel electrochemical biosensor based on core-shell nanostructured composite of hollow carbon spheres and polyaniline for sensitively detecting malathion" (He et al., 2018) [1]. The data includes chemical structure and components obtained by Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms.
& The samples were ground evenly before measurements

Experimental features
The chemical structure and elemental components were examined.

Data source location
Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China.

Data accessibility Data are presented in this article
Value of the data • The data presented in this article shows detailed chemical structure of HCS@PANI nanocomposite.
• This data allows other researchers to compare the preparation of HCS@PANI nanocomposite.
• For fabricating nanocomposites with other functional materials provides a suitable way for biosensors application.

Data
The chemical structure, surface morphologies, and electrochemical performances of HCS@PANI nanocomposite were discussed the our previous work [1]. Raman spectra of the as-prepared HCS and HCS@PANI nanocomposite are shown in Fig. 1. For the pure HCS sample, the G band at 1591 cm −1 and D band at 1338 cm −1 are observed, which correspond to graphitic carbon and disordered carbon, respectively [2]. In case of HCS@PANI nanocomposite, four major peaks corresponding to characteristic of the presence of PANI can be observed (marked by asterisks in Fig. 1). These are i) C-H bending of the quinoid ring at 1166 cm −1 , ii) C-N þ stretching vibration of cation radical species at 1330 cm −1 , iii) C ¼N stretching at 1480 cm −1 , and iv) C-C stretching of the benzene ring at 1596 cm −1 [3,4]. The C 1s and N 1s core-level XPS spectra of HCS and HCS@PANI were summarized in Fig. 2. The C 1s core-level XPS spectrum of HCS (Fig. 2a) is composed of four components, indicating different chemical environments present in the HCS. The peaks at~284.8,~286.2,~287.0, and~288.6 eV are assigned to C-C/C-H, C-O-C, C ¼O, and O-C ¼O groups, respectively. In case of HCS@PANI nanocomposite, The peak at~285.9 eV is attributed to C-N group (Fig. 2c). The N 1s core-level XPS spectrum was observed in HCS (Fig. 2b). The peak at~401.6 eV is assigned to -NH 2 groups in the sample, which comes from ammonium hydroxide in the preparation process of HCS. Similar to the N 1s core-level XPS spectra (Fig. 2d), two peaks are fitted at~399.0 and~400.8 eV, which are corresponding to the functional groups of C-N/N-H and -NH 2 respectively. N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms was carried out on the HCS and HCS@PANI nanocomposite (Fig. 3). The isotherm profile exhibits feature of typical type IV with a big hysteresis loop, which is characteristic of mesopores. The BET specific surface area for HCS is evaluated around 75.7 m 2 g −1 and an average pore size of 4.6 nm obtained from BET method, while the BET specific surface area for HCS@PANI is around 42.67 m 2 g −1 .

Synthesis of HCS and HCS@PANI nanocomposite
HCS was prepared by following procedure. In a typical experiment, 30 mL ammonium hydroxide was added drop-by-drop to the mixture of Milli-Q water (10 mL) and 70 mL anhydrous ethanol. After stirring for 30 min, tetraethyl orthosilicate, resorcinol and methyl aldehyde were added into the solution followed by vigorous stirring for 24 h. Afterward, the mixture was transferred into a Teflonlined stainless-steel autoclave, which was heated to 100°C and maintained at this temperature for 10 h. Then, the resulting solid was put into the tube furnace and maintained at 750°C for 1 h. Finally, the obtained powder was transferred to the hydrofluoric acid and immersed for 10 h to etch the formed SiO 2 nanospheres.
After adding 20 µL of aniline into 20 mL of hydrochloric acid and stirring continuously, HCS (30 mg) was added into the mixed solution and stirred for 30 min. Subsequently, 10 mL of ammonium persulphate (0.1 M) was immersed in the above solution and kept for stirring for 12 h. At last, the atrovirens powder was collected and washed for five times with Milli-Q water. As such, the HCS@PANI nanocomposite was obtained.

Characterizations
X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded on a D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer with CuKα radiation (XRD, Bruker, Germany). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was obtained from an AXIS HIS 165 spectrometer (Kratos Analytical, Manchester, UK) with a monochromatized Al KR x-ray source (1486.71 eV photons).

Transparency document. Supporting information
Transparency document associated with this article can be found in the online http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dib.2018.01.099.