Data of sperm-entry inability in Drosophila melanogaster ovarian follicles that are depleted of s36 chorionic protein

This paper presents data associated with the research article entitled “Targeted downregulation of s36 protein unearths its cardinal role in chorion biogenesis and architecture during Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis” [1]. Drosophila chorion is produced by epithelial follicle cells and one of its functional serving role is egg fertilization through the micropyle, a specialized narrow channel at the anterior tip of the egg [2]. Sperm entry during fertilization is necessary for the egg to complete meiosis [3]. D. melanogaster flies being characterized by severe downregulation of the s36 chorionic protein, specifically in the follicle-cell compartment of their ovary, appear with impaired fly fertility (Velentzas et al., 2016) [1]. In an effort to further investigate whether the observed infertility in the s36-targeted flies derives from a fertilization failure, such as the inability of sperm to pass through egg׳s micropyle, we mated females carrying s36-depleted ovaries with males expressing the GFP protein either in their sperm tails, or in both their sperm tails and sperm heads.


a b s t r a c t
This paper presents data associated with the research article entitled "Targeted downregulation of s36 protein unearths its cardinal role in chorion biogenesis and architecture during Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis" [1]. Drosophila chorion is produced by epithelial follicle cells and one of its functional serving role is egg fertilization through the micropyle, a specialized narrow channel at the anterior tip of the egg [2]. Sperm entry during fertilization is necessary for the egg to complete meiosis [3]. D. melanogaster flies being characterized by severe downregulation of the s36 chorionic protein, specifically in the follicle-cell compartment of their ovary, appear with impaired fly fertility (Velentzas et al., 2016) [1]. In an effort to further investigate whether the observed infertility in the s36-targeted flies derives from a fertilization failure, such as the inability of sperm to pass through egg's micropyle, we mated females carrying s36-depleted ovaries with males expressing the GFP protein either in their sperm tails, or in both their sperm tails and sperm heads.  Female virgin control and s36-targeted flies were mated with dj-GFP or prota-mineB-eGFP; dj-GFP males. The deposited eggs were collected every one hour and observed under a Nikon CLSM Experimental features Comparison of successful fertilization levels between laid s36-depleted ovarian follicles and control ones Data source location Data accessibility All data are included in this article

Value of data
Insemination and not sperm entry into mature follicles seems responsible for the activation of ovulation process in D. melanogaster: new prospects for control of oogenesis by sperm microenvironment.
Flies carrying s36-depleted ovaries may serve as a primary model system for deciphering the sperm-regulated ovulation and egg-deposition rhythms in D. melanogaster, through the use of spermatozoa with various genetic backgrounds.
Imaging and quantification of D. melanogaster fertilization via employment of transgenic -fluorescent-spermatozoa technology most likely provide a useful and valuable platform for the assessment of, other than s36, major chorionic-components' contribution to follicles' competence for efficient fecundity.

Data
In order to examine Drosophila melanogaster sperm's ability to penetrate ovarian egg's micropyle [2] and enter into oocyte's cytoplasm of the s36-downregulated follicles, we mated s36-targeted virgin female flies with males expressing either the don juan-GFP fusion protein (dj-GFP), or both the dj-GFP and Mst35Bb/ProtamineB-eGFP proteins ( Fig. 1A and B). The Drosophila don juan (dj) protein is expressed along the axoneme of each sperm tail [3][4], while protamineB is specifically localized in sperm heads [5]. To validate sperm's GFP-mediated fluorescence in the transgenic male flies, their testes expressing either the dj-GFP (Fig. 1A) or both the dj-GFP and protamineB-eGFP proteins (Fig. 1B) were visualized under a CLSM, clearly revealing bright green staining patterns for both spermatozoa populations examined.
More than half in number of the freshly-laid eggs (n¼ 90) obtained from control (c355-GAL4/þ ) female flies after they have been crossed to males expressing dj-GFP ( Fig. 1C and G) proved to be successfully fertilized, with GFP-tagged sperm being readily detected in their cytoplasm. Similarly, a 67% mean value of laid eggs (n ¼105), derived from control female flies mated with protamineB-eGFP; dj-GFP transgene-carrying males, were also presented with GFP-tagged sperm (see, its coiled shape within the anterior region of the herein shown representative follicle) inside each fertilized egg's cytoplasm ( Fig. 1D and G). In contrast, GFP-tagged sperm could not be detected inside the cytoplasm of the freshly-laid s36-depleted eggs produced by female flies that have been inseminated either by dj-GFP (n ¼110; Fig. 1E and G) or by dj-GFP and protamineB-eGFP transgene-containing males Fig. 1. Fertilization inability of s36-depleted fly follicles results from sperm-entry failure. CLSM images of spermatozoa inside testes, expressing (A) the don juan (tail-specific) or (B) both the don juan and protamineB (head-specific) GFP-conjugated protein markers. CLSM images of laid fertilized eggs, as demonstrated by the GFP-tagged sperm inside each cytoplasm, after crossing control (c355-GAL4/ þ ) female flies to (C) dj-GFP or (D) protamineB-eGFP; dj-GFP transgene-carrying males. Representative CLSM images of laid follicles, with no GFP-tagged sperm detected in any respective cytoplasm, having been derived from s36-targeted (c3554s36_RNAi) female flies after their mating with (E) dj-GFP or (F) protamineB-eGFP; dj-GFP transgenecontaining males. (G) Graphic presentation of the percentage (%) of fertilized eggs, as indicated by the entry of fluorescent sperms through ovarian-follicles' respective micropyles, for each one of the genetic backgrounds described above. Arrowheads point spermatozoa and arrows indicate dorsal appendages. Scale bars: 50 μm.
(n ¼120; Fig. 1F and G). Interestingly, insemination (introduction of semen into the female animal), and not sperm penetration into the mature follicle, seems to represent a sufficient factor for triggering the ovulation process in D. melanogaster, since no statistically significant difference in the eggdeposition capacity could be observed between control and s36-targeted flies.

Drosophila melanogaster mating, egg collection and CLSM imaging
Control (c355-GAL4/ þ) and s36-depleted (c355 4s36_RNAi) virgin female flies (3-5 days) were mated overnight with either dj-GFP.S or protamineB-eGFP; dj-GFP.S male flies. Female flies were left to lay their eggs in standard apple-juice agar plates and the obtained eggs were being collected every one hour and immediately observed under a Nikon confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), model Digital Eclipse C1 (Nikon; Tokyo, Japan).