Data on correlations between T cell subset frequencies and length of partial remission in type 1 diabetes

Partial remission in patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes is a period of good glucose control that can last from several weeks to over a year. The clinical significance of the remission period is that patients might be more responsive to immunotherapy if treated within this period. This article provides clinical data that indicates the level of glucose control and insulin-secreting β-cell function of each patient in the study at baseline (within 3 months of diagnosis), and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months post-baseline. The relative frequency of immune cell subsets in the PBMC of each patient and the association between the frequency of immune cell subsets measured and length of remission is also shown. These data support the findings reported in the accompanying publication, “A pilot study showing associations between frequency of CD4+ memory cell subsets at diagnosis and duration of partial remission in type 1 diabetes” (Moya et al., 2016) [1], where a full interpretation, including biological relevance of the study can be found.


a b s t r a c t
Partial remission in patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes is a period of good glucose control that can last from several weeks to over a year. The clinical significance of the remission period is that patients might be more responsive to immunotherapy if treated within this period. This article provides clinical data that indicates the level of glucose control and insulin-secreting β-cell function of each patient in the study at baseline (within 3 months of diagnosis), and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months post-baseline. The relative frequency of immune cell subsets in the PBMC of each patient and the association between the frequency of immune cell subsets measured and length of remission is also shown. These data support the findings reported in the accompanying publication, "A pilot study showing associations between frequency of CD4þ memory cell subsets at diagnosis and duration of partial remission in type 1 diabetes" (Moya et al., 2016)  Frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are thawed and stained with panels of monoclonal antibodies specific for markers that define T cell subsets.

Experimental features
The relative frequency of T cell subsets is determined by Flow Cytometry using an LSRFortessa for acquisition and FlowJo software for analysis.

United States
Data accessibility Data is provided within this article.

Value of the data
The data can be added to a larger patient data base to determine average length of partial remission and β-cell function over time in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between 9 and 16 years of age.
Identifying a predictor at diagnosis that can predict length of remission in children with type 1 diabetes might be used to stratify and select patients most likely to respond to immunotherapy.
These data introduce a multimetric approach that might be useful in predicting disease progression that might be applicable to a variety of disease states and stages including progression to type 1 diabetes, cancer progression, and responsiveness to immunotherapy.

Data
The data provided in this article show the IDAA1c (Supplementary Table 1A) and C-peptide levels (Supplementary Table 1B) for each patient in the study at baseline (within 3 months of diagnosis) and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months post-baseline. Supplementary Table 2 shows the relative frequency of CD4 þ CD45RO þ cells, activated Treg, and CD4 þ CD25 þ CD127 hi cells in PBMC at baseline and at 3 months post-baseline, stratifying patients into those with either good (Supplementary Table 2A) or poor glycemic control (Supplementary Table 2B). For patients with good glycemic control, the association between the frequency of each cell subset at baseline with length of time the HbA1c levels are maintained below 7% ( Supplementary Fig. 1), and at 3 months with length of remission using IDAA1c ( Supplementary Fig. 2) is shown.

Patient population
Archived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 9 female and 10 male newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients were obtained from TrialNet Ancillary Studies. Patients were between 9 and 16 years of age and enrolled in the placebo groups of TrialNet clinical trials. Two PBMC samples from each patient were analyzed, one taken at baseline (within 3 months of diagnosis) and one 3 months later. The study was blinded. Clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and again at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months post-baseline.

Measurement of partial remission and β-cell function using IDAA1c and C-peptide AUC
A standard formula, HbA1c (%) þ(4 Â insulin dose (U/kg per 24 h), is used to take into account both insulin requirement and HbA1c levels in a single value, the Insulin Dose Adjusted A1c (IDAA1c) [2]. An IDAA1c equal to or less than 9 indicates the partial remission period [3]. Partial remission measured using IDAA1c is associated with a C-peptide AUC 120 level of at least 108, equivalent to a mean Cpeptide level of 0.9 ng/ml/min or 0.3 pmol/ml [2]. In this study the end of partial remission is between the last visit when IDAA1c is equal to or less than 9 and the first visit when IDAA1c is greater than 9. A more accurate estimate of time of end of partial remission was determined by interpolating between these two observed values. Length of remission is the time between diagnosis and end of remission. Stimulated C-peptide was measured in ng/ml and AUC calculated over 120 min using the trapezoidal rule, with observed C-peptide values at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min.

Statistics
Associations of clinical variables with either length of time the HbA1c was maintained below 7%, or length of partial remission were assessed through Pearson correlations. All analyses were performed with Graphpad Prism.

Acknowledgments
Funding for this study was provided by a Grant from the American Diabetes Association (#7-12-CT-17) to JDD. The sponsor of the trial was the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study Group. Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study Group is a clinical trials network funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, through the cooperative agreements U01 DK061010, U01 DK061034, U01 DK061042, U01 DK061058, U01 DK085465, U01 DK085453, U01 DK085461, U01 DK085463, U01 DK085466, U01 DK085499, U01 DK085504, U01 DK085505, U01 DK085509, U01 DK103180, U01-DK103153, U01-DK085476, U01-DK103266 and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF). The contents of this Article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or the JDRF.

Transparency document. Supporting material
Transparency data associated with this article can be found in the online version at http://dx.doi. org/%2010.1016/j.dib.2016.07.059.