Dataset on the mean, standard deviation, broad-sense heritability and stability of wheat quality bred in three different ways and grown under organic and low-input conventional systems

An assessment was previously made of the effects of organic and low-input field management systems on the physical, grain compositional and processing quality of wheat and on the performance of varieties developed using different breeding methods (“Comparison of quality parameters of wheat varieties with different breeding origin under organic and low-input conventional conditions” [1]). Here, accompanying data are provided on the performance and stability analysis of the genotypes using the coefficient of variation and the ‘ranking’ and ‘which-won-where’ plots of GGE biplot analysis for the most important quality traits. Broad-sense heritability was also evaluated and is given for the most important physical and quality properties of the seed in organic and low-input management systems, while mean values and standard deviation of the studied properties are presented separately for organic and low-input fields.


Data
Datas on the stability of thirty-seven wheat genotypes based on their physical, grain compositional and processing quality traits are presented using the coefficient of variation and GGE biplot analysis. The mean, standard deviation and broad-sense heritability values of the most important traits were also calculated for organic and low-input systems distinguishing the varieties with different breeding origin as well.

Growing conditions
Trial location: country

Table 2
Broad-sense heritability (h 2 ), mean values with standard deviations (SD), variance components estimate and their standard errors ( 7 SE) for genotype (G), genotype Â environment (G Â E) interaction and error variance for grain yield, thousand-kernel weight, gluten spread and gluten index (2011-2013, Austria and Hungary, organic and low input sites).

Trait (unit)
Organic management Low input conventional management  Table 3  Mean values of 37 genotypes for two countries and two management systems (GS: growing site, TW: test weight, TKW: thousand kernel weight, KW: kernel width, HI: hardness index, GI:  gluten index, Wabs: water absorption, QN: quality number, ORG: organic variety, CONV: conventional variety, BFOA (breeding for organic agriculture): variety developed by a      LI: low input, O: organic, TOTAL: including all varieties, CONV: conventionally bred varieties, BFOA: varieties developed by combined breeding, ORG: organically bred varieties. * Significant differences at the 0.05 probability levels, respectively. ** Significant differences at the 0.01 probability levels, respectively. *** Significant differences at the 0.001 probability levels, respectively.

Plant growing conditions
Between 2011 and 2013, 37 bread wheat varieties were sown in Austria (A) and Hungary (H) using a similar randomised complete block experimental design with 3 replicated blocks under organic (O) and low input (LI) growing conditions. In both countries the O and LI sites were located on neighboring fields and the experiments were planted close to each other ( o1080 m) to minimize the confounding effects of differences in soil and climatic conditions. Low-input systems could be characterized by a reduced level of mineral fertilizer, green manure, tillage and seed chemical treatment compared to high-input conventional farming systems. Furthermore, herbicides, insecticides and artificial fertilizers were used in the low input fields when necessary, but no fungicides. There was a serious Tilletia caries contamination in 2013 at organic sites in both countries, so fewer varieties and fewer quality parameters could be measured. In the low input fields, nitrogen was supplied using mineral fertilizers according to local practice, while only previous crops (mainly legumes) provided nutrient supplies at the organic locations (Table 1). Weed pressure was very low at the organic sites in both countries in all the years. The weather conditions differed greatly not only between the years but also between the countries. After the moderately dry first season of 2010/2011, the year 2012 saw an extreme drought, which was followed by an average season in 2013. In most cases, the Hungarian locations received less precipitation and were warmer than the Austrian ones.

Physical properties
The test weight (kg/100 l) of the grain was measured using a Foss Tecator 1241 instrument (MSZ 6367/4-86). Thousand-kernel weight (TKW) was determined with the Marvin System according to the standard method MSZ 6367/4-86 (1986). A Perten SKCS 4100 instrument was used to measure the hardness of the kernels (AACC Method 55-31).

Milling
Grain sample weighing 700 g from each of the 3 field replications were milled separately to flour using a Chopin CD1 Laboratory Mill after conditioning the grain to 15.5% moisture content. Wholemeal samples were produced from the same samples with a Perten 3100 Laboratory Mill.

Grain composition
Crude protein content was analysed in duplicate with the Kjeldahl method, which is consistent with ICC method 105/2, using the Kjeltec 1035 Analyzer. Gluten content and gluten index (GI) were determined using a Glutomatic 2200 instrument (ICC 137/1, 155), and gluten spread according to the Hungarian standard MSZ 6369/ 5-87 (1987). This parameter provides information about the proteolytic activity of the samples by monitoring changes in the diameter of a gluten ball after 1 hour at room temperature. The starch content of the grain was measured with a Foss Tecator 1241 instrument. Basic grain compositional parameters were also estimated with the Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) method (ICC 202 and ICC 159) using Foss Tecator 1241 and Perten Inframatic 8611 instruments for grain and flour, respectively.

Breadmaking quality characters
A Brabender Farinograph (ICC 115/1) was used to determine flour water absorption, development time, stability and dough softening. The Zeleny sedimentation test was carried out according to standard ICC 116/1 and the falling number was measured with a Perten Falling Number System 1500 (AACC56-81B).