Chem
ReviewIsolated metal atoms and clusters for alkane activation: Translating knowledge from enzymatic and homogeneous to heterogeneous systems
The bigger picture
Developing new strategies to improve the efficiency of the conversion of alkanes into fuels and chemicals is of great interest for fundamental research and practical applications. The activation of C–H and C–C bonds in alkanes can be realized by different catalytic approaches (bio-, homogeneous, and heterogeneous catalysis). In this review, we will summarize the recent achievements in different catalysis fields for reactions related to alkane activation. Thereafter, we will discuss how the knowledge accumulated in biocatalysis and homogeneous catalysis can be translated into heterogeneous catalysis based on isolated metal atoms and clusters. These discussions and perspectives will help to design more efficient catalysts or processes for the conversion of alkanes (from shale gas, petroleum, and polyolefin wastes) into desired products.