Fluorescent probes for recognition of ATP

doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2017.09.032

Chinese Chemical Letters

Volume 28, Issue 10, October 2017, Pages 1916-1924

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2017.09.032 Get rights and content

Abstract

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) not only participates in various physiological activities as the universal energy currency but also implicates in various pathological processes in living cells. Consequently, sensitive and selective detection ATP in live cells, tissues, as well as environmental samples, are urgently demanded. Due to the simple and convenient operation, economy cost, high selectivity for analyte, well biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, fluorescent sensors for monitoring ATP have aroused great attention of researchers. In recent years, a large number of fluorescent sensors for detecting ATP have developed. This manuscript summarized most of these sensors and the interaction-mechanism between ATP and sensors, mainly including electrostatic interaction, π-π interaction, covalent bonding or hydrogen bond, or combinations of them, and the advantages of each strategy were also generalized. Here, a viewpoint of classification was shown where the sensors were divided into five typed ones according to the structure of probes used.

Graphical abstract

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) plays an important role in various physiological activities and pathological processes in living cells. Consequently, a large number of fluorescent sensors for detecting ATP have developed in recent years. In this review, we summarized these fluorescent sensors, where these sensors were divided into five typed ones according to the structure of probes used.

Introduction

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is composed of adenine, ribose and three phosphate groups. ATP is not only the universal energy currency in living cells, but also a signaling mediator participating in a variety of biological processes, including triphosphoric acid cycle [1], ion channels [2], and neurotransmission [3], cell division [4], DNA synthesis [5]. Furthermore, the abnormal levels of ATP closely correlate with several pathological conditions, such as ischemia, hypoglycemia Parkinson’s disease and cardiovascular disease [6], [7], [8], [9]. Therefore, the selective detection and accurate quantification of ATP in biological and environmental samples is urgent.

Many analysis methods have been developed for the detection of ATP, such as high performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography, mass spectrometry and electrochemistry [10], [11], [12], [13]. These instrumentally intensive methods can only measure total nucleoside triphosphates content and often suffer from the need of specific equipment, complicated procedures for manipulation and poor accuracy for detection. Thus, a simple and highly precise strategy is essential to explore for not only detecting but also quantifying ATP in biological samples.

Among the diverse methods for detecting ATP, fluorescence detection [14] stands out due to its simplicity, high sensitivity, good selectivity, and real-time reaction monitoring. More importantly, fluorescence sensors could be used for sensitive detection of level fluctuations of intracellular biomolecules, which in turn may reflect the individual’s health condition to a certain extent. Based on this, a wide variety of fluorescent sensors have been created and designed for detection of ATP in vitro and in vivo.

Due to the special forms of ATP, i.e., three negatively charged phosphoric acid groups, aromatic adenosine, ribose with polyhydroxy, a large number of fluorescence sensors possess positively charged, large conjugated structure of the aromatic ring, electronegativity of the atoms. These probes could sensor ATP by electrostatic interaction between negatively charged phosphates of ATP and positively charged recognition groups, and/or a covalent bond between electronegativity atom and ribose, and/or π-π interaction between large conjugated structure and adenine, which in turn could cause changes of the fluorescence signal of sensors [15], [16]. In this review, fluorescent molecules for ATP detection are classified to five types of ones according to the structure of the sensors. The five types of probes include chemosensors using metal ion complexes, sensors that can form excimers, organic small molecule based on multiple interactions, sensors bearing polythiophene and sensors containing biomolecules.

Section snippets

Chemosensors using metal ion complexes

The use of dipicolylamine (DPA) unit for fluorescence-based sensing of ATP is a promising approach [17]. Fluorescence sensors based on metal coordination complexes possessing one or two coordination sites to afford stronger affinity for anions would be superior for highly selective detection of ATP [18]. The 2,2'-dipicolylamine-Zn(II) complex, a specific binding motif for phosphate anions, has become a common receptor in the design of phosphate sensors [19], [20]. To date, several Zn²⁺

Conclusion

Among the various nucleoside triphosphates, ATP plays important role in energy supply. The change of its concentration could reflect the health of the living body to a certain extent. Consequently, a large number of fluorescent sensors for detecting ATP have developed in recent years. The majority of these sensors have been successfully applied to imaging in live cells and biological sample. In this review, we summarized the fluorescent sensors for detecting ATP from a viewpoint of

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21676218, 21476185, 21472016, 21272030), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. 2014YB027, 2452015447, 2452013py014), Shaanxi Province Science and Technology.

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ReviewFluorescent probes for recognition of ATP

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Chemosensors using metal ion complexes

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

Clin. Neurosci. Res.

Food Chem.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Sensor. Actuators B: Chem.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Tetrahedron Lett.

Biosens. Bioelectron.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Biosens. Bioelectron.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Polym. Chem.

Des. Monomers Polym.

Org. Biomol. Chem.

Biosens. Bioelectron.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Anal. Chim. Acta

Biomaterials

Biosens. Bioelectron.

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

Diabetologia

Int. J. Sports Med.

Nature

Science

J. Clin. Invest.

Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest.

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

Anal. Chem.

Anal. Chem.

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Analyst

Chem. Soc. Rev.

Chem. Commun.

Review
Fluorescent probes for recognition of ATP