Extraction optimization and antioxidant activity of intracellular selenium polysaccharide by Cordyceps sinensis SU-02

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.007

Carbohydrate Polymers

Volume 86, Issue 4, 15 October 2011, Pages 1745-1750

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.007 Get rights and content

Abstract

Central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the extraction parameters of intracellular selenium polysaccharide (ISPS) from Cordyceps sinensis SU-02 mycelium in submerged culture. The optimum conditions for ISPS extraction were predicted to be, ultrasonic treatment for 15.11 min, extraction temperature at 59.26 °C and pH 7.17, and ISPS production was estimated at 11.52%. The in vivo antioxidant results of ISPS showed that the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of mice blood were 2.36 ± 0.17 U and 477.92 ± 35.14 U, respectively, and malonaldehyde (MDA) level was 0.65 ± 0.04 μM/l. The in vitro inhibition effects of ISPS on superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical were 38.53 ± 3.19% and 43.22 ± 3.29%, respectively, and the reducing power of ISPS was 0.61 ± 0.04. The results suggested that the ISPS could be used as a potential antioxidant which enhances adaptive immune responses.

Highlights

► We optimize the extraction condition of intracellular selenium polysaccharide (ISPS). ► We evaluate the antioxidant activities of ISPS in vivo and in vitro. ► The ISPS can be used as a potential antioxidant for enhancing immune responses.

Introduction

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (Ursini et al., 1995), Type I, II and III iodothyronine deiodinase (Berry et al., 1991, Pallud et al., 1997, Ramauge et al., 1996), and thioredoxin reductase in human and animal bodies (Tamura & Stadtman, 1996). Se also participates in synthesis of enzymes and protects the structure and function of biomembrane from overoxidation and damage. Se-deficiency can cause about 40 diseases (Yang, Zhang, Wang, & Huang, 2003). There are 700 million people with lacking or lower selenium in China (Ge & Chang, 1999).

Cordyceps sinensis is widely used as a traditional medicine in China for treatment of a wide variety of diseases (Yu, Wang, Huang, & Du, 2006). It contains many biological active materials, such as cordycepin, protein, fat, trace elements, ash, fiber, and carbohydrates (Leung, Zhang, & Wu, 2006). Polysaccharides from C. sinensis fruiting bodies or fermentation broths have potential antioxidation, antitumor, antivirus, and immunomodulating properties (Chen et al., 2010, Cheung et al., 2009, Ohta et al., 2007).

Since extraction parameters for intracellular selenium polysaccharide (ISPS) from C. sinensis mycelium have not been studied, statistical designs were applied to optimize extraction conditions. Factors affecting the extraction of ISPS were analyzed by Plackett–Burman (PB) tests, and three significant variables (ultrasonic treatment time, extraction temperature, and pH) were chosen to optimize the extraction conditions by central composite design (CCD). In addition, the in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to explore the antioxidant activities of ISPS.

Section snippets

Strain and liquid culture

A strain of C. sinensis SU-02 was provided by our laboratory and maintained on synthetic potato dextrose agar (PDA). The cultures were incubated for 7 days at 25 °C, stored at 4 °C and subcultured every 2 months. Cultivation in liquid media was carried out in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 ml of (g/l): potato, 200; glucose, 20; KH₂PO₄, 1.5, MgSO₄·7H₂O, 1 and Na₂SeO₃ 0.04 g with natural pH. Flasks were inoculated with a 0.5-cm² mycelial block of C. sinensis SU-02 from the solid media,

Determination of parameters of ISPS extraction

The maximum rate of ISPS extraction reached 11.68%, while the extraction parameters were: mesh number, 60; water multiple, 20; ultrasonic treatment time, 15 min; ultrasonic power, 600 W; concentration multiple, 2; extraction time, 60 min; extraction temperature, 60 °C; and pH, 7 (Table 2). ANOVA results showed that ultrasonic treatment time, extraction temperature and pH had a highly significant influence on ISPS extraction at the 1% level. The influence of other parameters was at the 5% level or

Conclusion

A three-factor-five-level central composite design was a successful tool for optimization of extraction of ISPS produced by C. sinensis SU-02 in submerged culture. The ISPS showed antioxidative activities in vivo and in vitro. The results suggested that the ISPS could be used as a potential antioxidant which enhances adaptive immune responses.

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports by Natural Science Fund Program of Shandong (Y2006D08) and Doctoral Fund Program of Shandong (2007BS02021).

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Extraction optimization and antioxidant activity of intracellular selenium polysaccharide by Cordyceps sinensis SU-02

Abstract

Highlights

Introduction

Section snippets

Strain and liquid culture

Determination of parameters of ISPS extraction

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Cell Immunology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Process Biochemistry

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

Archives Biochemistry and Biophysics

Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: Some large consequences of minor changes in conditions

Analytical Biochemistry

Recognition of UGA as a selenocysteine codon in Type I deiodinase requires sequences in the 3′-untranslated region

Nature

Carbohydrate analysis: A practical approach

The theory and application of free radical biology

The problems of using one-dimensional methods to evaluate multifunctional food and biological antioxidants

Journal of the Science and Food Agriculture