Elsevier

Cancer Genetics

Volume 207, Issues 1–2, January–February 2014, Pages 1-11
Cancer Genetics

Original Article
Association of interleukin-1β –511 C/T polymorphism with tobacco-associated cancer in northeast India: a study on oral and gastric cancer

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.01.002Get rights and content

The IL-1β -511 C/T polymorphism is associated with increased IL-1 production and with increased risk of developing cancers. In this study, 251 patients (125 with gastric cancer [GC] and 126 with oral cancer [OC]) and 207 normal controls from northeast (NE) India were genotyped for the IL-1β -511 C/T polymorphism by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing. Analysis of results showed betel-quid chewing to be a major risk factor (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.05–3.87; P = 0.035) for OC. Inheritance of the IL-1β –511 CT or TT resulted in a 2.6- to 3.05-fold increase in the risk of developing OC relative to that of participants who possessed the reference genotype (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.06–6.22; P = 0.036 and OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.22–7.63; P = 0.017), after adjusting for potential confounders. The dominant genetic model also confirmed the presence of the T allele as a significant risk factor for OC (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.15–6.42; P = 0.02). In GC, interaction of the CT genotype with tobacco and betel-quid chewing habits conferred a significant 78% and 89% reduced risk of cancer, respectively. In conclusion, for the NE Indian population, the IL-1β –511 CC and CT genotypes were significantly associated with increased risk of OC. However, the interaction of the CT genotype with risk habits may play a preventive role for GC but not for OC.

Section snippets

Materials and methods

The present case-control study was performed on 126 histopathologically diagnosed GC cases, 125 OC cases, and a total of 207 age- and sex-matched controls collected during the period of December 2005 to December 2010. Only cases with the stomach or oral cavity as their primary site of cancer were included in the study. All study participants provided informed consent for participation in this research, which was conducted under a protocol approved by the institutional ethics committee of the

Study population description

The demographic distribution of the studied population is summarized in Table 1. A higher percentage of males than females was seen in both cancer groups. The age (mean ± SD) of cases and controls were, respectively, 56.54 ± 13.5 years and 52.34 ± 13.5 years for GC and 54.11 ± 12.27 years and 52.34 ± 13.5 years for OC, with significant risk after 50 years of age (Table 1). Deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was seen in this population for OC and controls respectively (χ2 = 10.94; P

Discussion

The pivotal roles of cytokines in regulating tumor progression make them attractive candidates for genetic host markers in evaluating individual susceptibility to the development of different cancers. Cumulative evidence suggests that IL-1β plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development of cancer (11). Studies have shown an association of the IL-1β −511 CC genotype with lung cancer 28, 29 and hepatocellular carcinoma (30), whereas the TT genotype is associated with breast cancer (19),

Acknowledgments

The study was funded by a grant from the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi (Ref. No. 49/3 RMRC/NE/2005-NCD-II) One of the authors (Meena Lakhanpal) thanks the University Grants Commission, India, (Ref. No: 20-1212009 (ai)EU-lV) for providing research fellowship.

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