Chemical markers in Veronica sect. Hebe. III☆
Introduction
In a number of studies of Veronica L. and its related genera (Albach and Chase, 2001, Albach and Chase, 2004) it has been demonstrated that the Southern Hemisphere genera Hebe Juss. and Parahebe W. Oliv. are derived from within Veronica. Consequently they have now been included in this genus in section Hebe (Albach et al., 2004, Garnock-Jones et al., 2007). The genera Veronica and Hebe have traditionally been considered members of the family Scrophulariaceae. However, Veronica (and thus Hebe) has recently been transferred to the Plantaginaceae (Albach et al., 2005, Olmstead, 2005).
The chemotaxonomic investigations of Veronica (Taskova et al., 2004, Taskova et al., 2006, Jensen et al., 2005 and references therein), have shown that the iridoid glucosides aucubin (6), catalpol (7) and a variety of 6-O-catalpol esters (e.g. 7a and 7b) are characteristic for this genus. These are also present in sect. Hebe; however, from this taxon with more than 100 species, only a few different 6-O-catalpol esters have so far been isolated, namely the 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl ester verproside and/or verminoside (7b). Within section Hebe some species are also characterised by 6-O-rhamnopyranosyl-substituted iridoids, compounds not found in Northern Hemisphere representatives of the genus. Iridoids are usually accompanied by caffeoyl 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanoid glycosides (CPGs). In a recent study of Veronica sect. Hebe (Jensen et al., 2008), we investigated Veronica catarractae G. Forster that was previously classified as Parahebe. The current paper reports our chemotaxonomic investigation of another two species formerly included in this taxon, Veronica cheesemanii Benth. and Veronica hookeriana Walp.
Section snippets
General
Fresh plant material was homogenized with MeOH (4 × weight) and filtered. The concentrated extracts were partitioned in Et2O–H2O, after which the aq. phase was taken to dryness and separated by prep. chromatography using a reverse phase Merck Lobar RP-18 SiGel column (size B) and H2O–MeOH mixtures (1:0–1:2) as the eluents. Difficult separations were done on a Merck HiBar column (250–25) packed with LiChrosorb RP-18 (7 μm). Isolated compounds are listed in order of elution; the proportion of
Results and discussion
Fresh foliage of V. cheesemanii and V. hookeriana was extracted with methanol and the water-soluble part of the extract was subjected to reverse phase column chromatography. In both species mannitol (1) was the main carbohydrate; they also contained the iridoid glucosides epiloganic acid (2), mussaenosidic acid (3) and arborescosidic acid (5). In addition to these common constituents, V. cheesemanii contained large amounts of aucubin (6), 2′-O-benzoylaucubin (6a) as well as a novel diester of
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr Philip Garnock-Jones, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, for providing the authenticated plant material, and Kristian Fog Nielsen, BioCentrum, DTU, for recording the mass spectra.
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The second paper in this series is Pedersen et al., 2007.