American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Original articleEthnic differences in craniofacial and upper spine morphology between European and Asian children with skeletal Class III malocclusion
Section snippets
Materials and methods
All preorthodontic children with skeletal Class III malocclusion registered in the Orthodontic section at the Institute of Odontology, Copenhagen University, Denmark, and the Orthodontic Department of Seoul National University Dental Hospital, South Korea in a period from 2008-2015 were systematically collected. The inclusion criteria were (1) no previous orthodontic treatment, (2) lateral cephalogram taken at pretreatment with the 5 first upper cervical vertebrae visible, (3) sagittal jaw
Results
There was no significant difference in gender, age, and skeletal maturation between the 2 ethnic groups (Table I).
Discussion
The present study describes the upper cervical spine morphology and craniofacial characteristics in Asian and European children with skeletal Class III malocclusion and demonstrates the associations between upper spine morphology and craniofacial morphology, including growth predictions signs. As Koreans and Danes are relatively homogeneous ethnic groups and represent craniofacial morphologic characteristics of Europeans and North East Asians, the children were included as representatives of
Conclusions
In the craniofacial morphology, only the inclination of the maxilla and the shape of the posterior cranial fossa were significantly different between the 2 ethnic groups. There was no significant difference in the upper cervical spine morphology and Atlas dimensions between the groups. In the total group, fusion of the upper cervical spine was significantly associated with the sagittal jaw relationship, and the total upper spine deviations were significantly associated with some growth
Acknowledgments
We thank Thomas A. Gerds (Professor, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen) for statistical advice.
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Airway changes after fixed functional appliance treatment in children with and without morphologic deviations of the upper spine: A 3-dimensional CBCT study
2022, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial OrthopedicsCitation Excerpt :To the authors’ knowledge, this has not previously been investigated. The prevalence and pattern of MDUS in this study varied compared with those previously reported in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion.4,10 Although the prevalence of fusion anomalies is comparable, this study showed a higher prevalence of posterior arch deficiency.
Authors’ response
2021, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial OrthopedicsTreatment effects of functional appliances in children with Class II malocclusion with and without morphologic deviations in the upper spine
2021, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial OrthopedicsCitation Excerpt :The present study found that the higher the initial Atlas height, the more condylar growth, and the more forward rotation. Previous studies found that Atlas dimensions were significantly associated with rotation and prognathia of the mandible and the cranial base angle.16-18 The mandibular response to functional appliances is closely associated with growth potential, and the mandibular growth potential response to the functional appliance treatment is greater in the presence of the anterior rotation of the mandible than in the presence of the posterior rotation of the mandible.9-12
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All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest, and none were reported.