American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Original articleAssessing soft-tissue characteristics of facial asymmetry with photographs
Section snippets
Material and methods
Five observers screened 1000 standardized facial frontal photographs and selected 50 with little or no facial asymmetry and another 50 with moderate or severe facial asymmetry. The inclusion criteria were as follows: over 18 years of age, no congenital abnormalities in the maxillofacial region, no prior surgery for an injury involving the maxilla or the mandible, and standardized facial photographs taken before treatment with sufficient quality for evaluation.
The final sample consisted of
Results
The patients were classified into 3 groups by using the assessment scores of facial asymmetry. Group I included patients with little or no facial asymmetry, not requiring treatment. Group II included patients with moderate facial asymmetry but not requiring treatment. Group III included patients with severe asymmetry, requiring treatment. One-way ANOVA showed that lip canting, chin deviation, body inclination difference, and gonial angle difference were significantly different between the
Discussion
Facial asymmetry was investigated subjectively in relation to the soft-tissue features by using facial frontal photographic measurements.12, 13 Naoya16 reported a subjective evaluation of facial asymmetry using frontal photographs. In that study, 10 orthodontists classified 100 facial frontal photographs; there was a correlation between the subjective evaluation of facial asymmetry and the cephalometric indexes. However, the author did not report the soft-tissue factors responsible for the
Conclusions
We examined the soft-tissue characteristics of asymmetric patients assessed by orthodontists to determine the soft-tissue factors affecting the recognition of facial asymmetry. In the view of experts, chin deviation, body inclination difference, gonial angle difference, and lip canting had significant differences in the 3 groups according to the assessment of facial asymmetry. In group III, containing patients with severe asymmetry requiring treatment, the mean values were 3.1°, 3.6°, 7.1°, and
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Examination
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The authors report no commercial, proprietary, or financial interest in the products or companies described in this article.