Hydatidosis: Prevalence and its economic importance in ruminants slaughtered at Adama municipal abattoir, Central Oromia, Ethiopia
Introduction
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important problem for public health and the economy in many parts of the world. It is one of the most important zoonotic diseases and it is of great social importance (Benito et al., 2006, Daryani et al., 2007, Garippa et al., 2004). Hydatidosis is one of the important parasitic diseases of livestock that has both economic and public health significance. It is associated with severe morbidity and disability, and is one of the world's most geographically widespread zoonotic diseases. The pathogenecity of hydatidosis heavily depends on the extent and severity of infection, and the organ on which it is situated. The occasional rupture of hydatid cysts often leads to sudden death due to anaphylaxis, hemorrhage and metastasis. Previous studies have shown that cystic echinococcosis represented a considerable economic and public health significance in different countries (Azlaf and Dakkak, 2006, Christodoulopoulos et al., 2008).
In Ethiopia studies conducted in different abattoirs indicated that cystic hydatidosis is prevalent and considerable economic loss is associated with it. Certain deep-rooted traditional activities have been described as factors associated with the spread and high prevalence of the disease in some areas of the country. These can include the wide spread backyard slaughter of animals, the corresponding absence of rigorous meat inspection procedures, the long standing habit of feeding domesticated dogs with condemned offal and the subsequent contamination of pasture and grazing fields. This can facilitate the maintenance of the life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus which is the causative agent of cystic hydatidosis and consequently the high rate of infection of susceptible hosts (Jobre et al., 1996).
The economic importance of echinoccosis in livestock is due to the condemnation of edible carcasses and offals such as liver, lung and heart. In severe infection the parasite may cause retarded performance and growth and reduced quality and yield of meat and milk. Additionally, fertility and the value of fleece is reduced due to infection. For example, in Yugoslavia a 10% reduction in milk yield and 5% in carcass weight due to hydatidosis has been described (Polydorous, 1981). Condemned organs or even the whole carcass represent a high financial loss in many countries (Sariozkan and Yalcin, 2009, Torgerson et al., 2000, Torgerson et al., 2001, Torgerson and Dowling, 2001). The importance of these losses depends largely on the characteristics of the farming or livestock industry in a particular country (Anon, 1981). Few reports are available on the prevalence and economic importance of hydatidosis in Ethiopia. The public health importance of hydatidosis is also considerable in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of hydatidosis in ruminants slaughtered in Adama municipal abattoir and to estimate the economic loss due to the condemnation of organs affected by hydatid cysts.
Section snippets
Study area
The study was conducted from November 2007 to April 2008 in Adama town, eastern Shoa zone of Oromia regional state, central Ethiopia. The town is located at 98 km south east of Addis Ababa at 39.1 N and 8.3 E, at an elevation of 1770 m above sea level. It receives an annual rainfall ranging from 400 to 800 mm. The temperature range is 13.9 to 27.7 °C (NMSA, 2006). Adama is one of the most populous townships in the country with important multi-directional trade routes. A significance number of
Retrospective abattoir survey
The retrospective abattoir survey indicated that hydatid cyst was one of the most frequently encountered parasites during the last 10 years in the Adama abattoir (Table 1).
Active abattoir survey
Out of 852 cattle examined 399 (46.8%) were found to be positive for hydatidosis. Of the 92 sheep and 208 goats included in the study 27 (29.3%) and 14 (6.7%) respectively revealed the presence of hydatid cyst in their visceral organs (Table 2). Prevalence was significantly higher in cattle than sheep and goats.
In cattle the
Discussion
The retrospective abattoir survey clearly indicated that there was a problem of hydatidosis even though there was no significant difference observed between the years of the study period in the study area. A significant difference (P < 0.001) in the prevalence of hydatidosis was observed among studied animals with higher prevalence in cattle (46.8%) than sheep (29.3%), with the lowest prevalence recorded in goats (6.7%). Lower findings of bovine hydatidosis were reported in other African
Acknowledgments
The research was conducted with the willingness and cooperation of abattoir workers and owners of the slaughtered animals. All contributions are gratefully acknowledged.
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