Keloid formation following ear piercing through the transitional zone

ence or malignant change during the prospective follow-up eriod. In conclusion, HP on the vulvar site is a diagnostically hallenging benign entity. The tumor is quite rare, and hysicians do not gain sufficient experience to suspect it. ermoscopy of this lesion, even if not decisive in the diagnois, can be useful in the differential diagnosis of important eoplasms such as melanoma and SCC. However, in these ases, the diagnostic gold standard remains the histopatholgy.


Dear Editor,
Ear piercing is one of the major risk factors for keloid formation. The majority of piercing is performed through the soft tissue of the earlobe only (zone 1). In addition, it may be performed through the ear cartilage (zone 2) or the transitional zone (zone 3) between the ear cartilage and earlobe. 1 The incidence of complications due to transcartilagenous piercing is approximately 35% because of the avascular nature of auricular cartilage. 1 There are no studies regarding transitional zone keloids in the literature. We hypothesized that ear piercing through the transitional zone should be assessed as if through the cartilage zone.
ଝ Study conducted at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology at Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
We herein present three cases of keloid formation after ear piercing through the transitional zone of the ear. None of our patients had a personal or familial history of keloid or hypertrophic scar formation. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination for all patients. The clinical features of the patients are presented in Table 1. Patient 1 had a total of four piercings, two in the right earlobe, one in the left earlobe, and one in the right transitional zone. Patient 2 had a total of five piercings, two in the right earlobe, two in the left earlobe, and one in the right transitional zone. All piercings were performed simultaneously in both patients. However, no keloid formation was observed at the earlobe piercing points, in which transcartilagenous piercing did not exist (Fig. 1). Patient 3 had only one piercing in the right transitional zone (Fig. 2). A combination of intralesional corticosteroid administered at 40 mg/mL over intervals of 3---4 weeks for 16 weeks and cryosurgery were performed. Early recurrence was not observed in any patients during the first year of follow-up.
Piercing jewelry material, earring backs, the type of piercing procedure, and complications related to piercing at the time of the procedure may contribute to keloid formation. 2 None of our patients had a complication related to piercing at the time of the procedure. In our cases,  keloid formation was more likely to be associated with a cartilage injury. Currently, the upregulation of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a noncollagenous extracellular matrix glycoprotein, has been shown in keloidal tissue, suggesting that COMP facilitates keloid formation by accelerating collagen deposition. 3 In addition, it has been reported that multiple hereditary exostoses, which are characterized by the development of multiple benign osteocartilaginous masses, were found to be a risk factor for keloid formation after surgical excision of osteochondromas representing another association of keloids and chondrocytes. 4 It was reported that there was no difference regarding piercing-related complications between the earlobe and the cartilaginous part of the ear. 1,5 This result may be attributed to earlobe piercing being performed more frequently than cartilage or transitional zone piercing.
Assessing ear piercings through the transitional zone as if through the cartilage zone may be more appropriate. Transitional and cartilage zones of the ear may be avoided during ear piercing to prevent the development of keloid formation.

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Dear Editor,
We report a 60-year-old woman who was diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) associated with uncommon pre-ଝ Study conducted at the Laboratory of Dermatology, University Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil, and at the Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Fukuoka, Japan. sentations, i.e., nasal mucosal involvement with septal perforation, ocular conjunctival involvement of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, and milia on the re-epithelialized skin. We will discuss each association based on the results of our laboratory examinations.
Clinical examination revealed erosive skin lesions mainly on the face, trunk, and limbs, as well as mucosal lesions on the tongue, gingivae, and palate (Fig. 1A), and hyperemia on the left conjunctiva. Erosions and crusts in the nasal mucosa, and anterior nasoseptal perforation were also detected. Additionally, milia were observed on the skin of the face and shoulders, which were previously affected by PV (Fig. 1B).
Histopathology showed suprabasal acantholysis for biopsies taken from the chest and from the nasal septum ( Fig. 2A). IgG deposition on keratinocyte cell surfaces