Stem/progenitor cells (SPCs), such as the mesenchymal, hematopoietic, or neural SPCs, can be isolated and propagated from adult tissues for therapy purposes. Novel data show that the SPC lipid species composition is modified by the fatty acids provided by the culture medium or tissue niche, and that the fatty acid composition of the cells regulate their functions. The ratio of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in cellular lipids determines the quality and quantity of signaling molecules synthesized from the PUFAs by SPCs. The produced lipid mediators control the metabolism, differentiation and fate of the SPCs and proximate cells in concert with other local or systemic effectors. For example, high content of arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6, may promote differentiation and loss of the stemness traits. The hereby-reviewed special requirements for the SPC lipids will help us to develop culture procedures that maintain cell functionality during the in vitro cell expansion, which is essential for effective and safe cell therapy.
