Effects of dietary phosphorus level and inorganic source on survival and growth of Penaeus vannamei postlarvae in zero-water exchange culture tanks

doi:10.1016/S0990-7440(99)80028-X

Aquatic Living Resources

Volume 11, Issue 1, January–February 1998, Pages 29-33

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0990-7440(99)80028-X Get rights and content

Abstract

Zero-water exchange culture tanks were stocked with Penaeus vannamei postlarvae to compare the effects of (i) three dietary phosphorus levels: 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 %, and (ii) three dietary inorganic phosphorus sources: CaHPO₄, Na₂HPO₄ and NaH₂PO₄, on postlarvae biological performance, and total reactive phosphorus accumulation in the water (TRPAW). Dietary Ca:P ratio was maintained within a 1:1 to 1:2 ratio. Postlarvae survival was high and not significantly different among treatments. Postlarvae growth was not significantly different, regardless of dietary phosphorus level. TRPAW was significantly higher with increasing level of dietary phosphorus. Dietary inorganic phosphorus source did not have a significant effect on postlarvae growth. No significant differences were found on TRPAW between diets with Na₂HPO₄ and NaH₂PO₄ supplementation at equal dietary phosphorus level. TRPAW was significantly lower with CaHPO₄ than with Na₂HPO₄ or NaH₂PO₄ supplementation at equal dietary phosphorus level. Environmental quality of culture water may be greatly modified through nutritional strategies without negatively affecting shrimp biological performance.

Résumé

Des postlarves de Penaeus vannamei sont stockées en bacs d'élevage en milieu non renouvelé afin de comparer les effets d'une supplémentation en phosphore, (i) dans les aliments à 0,4 ; 0,8 et 1,2 % et (ii) à partir de 3 sources minérales, CaHPO₄, Na₂HPO₄ et NaH₂PO₄, sur les performances biologiques des postlarves et sur l'accumulation du phosphore total dans l'eau (TRPAW). Le rapport Ca:P est maintenu entre 1:1 et 1:2. La survie des postlarves est importante, sans différence significative entre les traitements. La croissance des postlarves n'est pas significativement différente en ce qui concerne le niveau de phosphore considéré dans l'alimentation. Le TRPAW augmente significativement avec le niveau de phosphore dans l'alimentation. Aucune différence significative n'a été trouvée, à niveau de phosphore équivalent dans l'alimentation sur TRPAW entre les régimes « Supplémentésen Na₂HPO₄ et NaH₂PO₄ ; en revanche, le phosphore total (TRPAW) est inférieur si la source en phosphore est CaHPO₄. La qualité du milieu d'élevage peut être modifiée de façon importante selon les stratégies nutritionnelles, sans pour autant affecter la survie et la croissance des crevettes.

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Cited by (6)

Energy balance of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae fed on animal or vegetable protein based compounded feeds
2006, Aquaculture
L. vannamei postlarvae are normally raised with a protein dense diet (50% protein) rich in fishmeal. Part of the protein is utilized for energy purpose instead of protein synthesis. Based on a previous energy partitioning study, the effects of two isoenergetic compounded feed treatments – animal protein (AP) and vegetable protein and carbohydrates (VPC) – upon growth efficiency and energy budget of shrimp postlarvae and early juveniles were determined. Recovered energy (RE) or production (P) after 50 days trial was similar (2 J day⁻ ¹) in both treatments, from PL₁₄ to PL₁₉. However, early juveniles discriminated between animal protein (116 J day⁻ ¹) and vegetable protein and carbohydrates (88 J day⁻ ¹). The difference in respiration indicated a higher heat increment with AP compared to VPC. At maintenance level, energy used was lower with AP than VPC treatment. Postlarvae and early juveniles employed protein as a main energy substrate (O:N < 20). Differences in the efficiencies observed in the calculated energy budget were attributed to the presence of carbohydrates in diet and not to the protein source. The advantage of incorporating vegetable protein source in the diet of harvesting shrimp may eventually contribute towards a reduction of fishmeal costs and waste products as well as to achieve sustainable shrimp farming.
Simulation of phosphorus dynamics in an intensive shrimp culture system: Effects of feed formulations and feeding strategies
2000, Ecological Modelling
The rapid expansion of shrimp culture has brought concern about potential environmental impacts caused by phosphorus wastes discharged from shrimp farms. This study describes development of a simulation model representing the effect of feed nutritional quality, feed physical characteristics, and feeding strategies on phosphorus dynamics in intensive Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture systems, receiving dry feeds in the absence of natural productivity except bacteria. The model represents the addition of phosphorus to the culture system as dry feed, its consumption and metabolism by shrimp, and its loss in uneaten feed, particulate feed, feces, and dissolved in the water. The model was quantified using published information and unpublished research results conducted at the Shrimp Mariculture Research Laboratory of Texas A&M University. The model is multivariate, deterministic, and uses a compartment model structure based on difference equations. Evaluation of the model consisted of simulating two indoor and one outdoor experiments that examined the effect of various feed formulation and feeding parameters on total reactive phosphorus (TRP) concentration in the water. Simulated TRP generally agreed with indoor experimental results, but it was overestimated by 0.13 ppm when compared to the outdoor experiment, probably due to lack of phytoplankton representation in the model. Simulations investigating a range of possible inorganic phosphorus availabilities suggested that when apparent availability is low either animals are using other sources of phosphorus or published values are underestimated and when apparent availability is high either animals are metabolically eliminating excess assimilated phosphorus or published values are overestimated.
Effect of dietary phosphorus sources and varying levels of supplemental phosphorus on survival, growth and body composition of postlarval shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
2008, Aquaculture Nutrition
Dietary phosphorus leaching and apparent phosphorus digestibility from different inorganic phosphorus sources for South African abalone (Haliotis midae L.)
2003, Aquaculture Nutrition
Effect of dietary protein and energy levels on growth, oxygen consumption, haemolymph and digestive gland carbohydrates, nitrogen excretion and osmotic pressure of litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) and L. setiferus (Linne) juveniles (Crustacea, Decapoda; Penaeidae)
2001, Aquaculture Research
Comparison of survival and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Decapoda) postlarvae reared in static and recirculating culture systems
2001, Texas Journal of Science

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Aquatic Living Resources

Abstract

Résumé

References (25)

Acute toxicity of nitrite to tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon, larvae

Aquaculture

Acute toxicity of ammonia to larvae of the tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon

Aquaculture

Effect of sodium phytate on growth and tissue mineralization of Penaeus japonicus and Penaeus vannamei

Aquaculture

Estimation of apparent phosphorus availability from inorganic phosphorus sources for Penaeus vannamei

Aquaculture

The spectrophotometric determination of nitrate in natural waters, with particular reference to sea water

Anal. Chem. Acta

A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters

Anal. Chem. Acta

The tolerance of warm-water prawns to recirculated water

Aquaculture

Water quality in ponds for aquaculture

Shrimp pond effluents: Observations of the nature of the problem on commercial farms

Toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to Penaeus monodon juveniles

J. World Aquacult. Soc.

Combined effects of shrimp size and dietary protein source on the growth of Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus vannamei

J. World Maricult. Soc.

The protein requirement of penaeid shrimp at various life cycle stages in controlled environment systems

J. World Maricult. Soc.

Cited by (6)

Energy balance of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae fed on animal or vegetable protein based compounded feeds

Simulation of phosphorus dynamics in an intensive shrimp culture system: Effects of feed formulations and feeding strategies

Effect of dietary phosphorus sources and varying levels of supplemental phosphorus on survival, growth and body composition of postlarval shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Dietary phosphorus leaching and apparent phosphorus digestibility from different inorganic phosphorus sources for South African abalone (Haliotis midae L.)

Effect of dietary protein and energy levels on growth, oxygen consumption, haemolymph and digestive gland carbohydrates, nitrogen excretion and osmotic pressure of litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) and L. setiferus (Linne) juveniles (Crustacea, Decapoda; Penaeidae)

Comparison of survival and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Decapoda) postlarvae reared in static and recirculating culture systems