Phase transition from nuclear matter to color superconducting quark matter

doi:10.1016/S0375-9474(03)00635-3

Nuclear Physics A

Volume 720, Issues 1–2, 2 June 2003, Pages 95-130

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Abstract

We construct the nuclear and quark matter equations of state at zero temperature in an effective quark theory (the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model), and discuss the phase transition between them. The nuclear matter equation of state is based on the quark–diquark description of the single nucleon, while the quark matter equation of state includes the effects of scalar diquark condensation (color superconductivity). The effect of diquark condensation on the phase transition is discussed in detail.

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Citation Excerpt :
In particular, at zero temperature the structure of a Walecka model for nuclear matter shall emerge under specified conditions. Earlier work in this direction [27–29] has demonstrated this possibility although no unified description of the nuclear-to-quark matter transition has been possible and the elucidation of physical mechanisms for the very transition between the hadronic and the quark matter phases of low energy QCD has been spared out. Our study aims at indicating directions for filling this gap by providing a detailed discussion of the Mott mechanism for the dissociation of hadronic bound states of quarks within the NJL model description of low-energy QCD on the example of two-particle correlations (mesons and diquarks).
An important first step in the program of hadronization of chiral quark models is the bosonization in meson and diquark channels. This procedure is presented at finite temperatures and chemical potentials for the SU(2) flavor case of the NJL model with special emphasis on the mixing between scalar meson and scalar diquark modes which occurs in the 2SC color superconducting phase. The thermodynamic potential is obtained in the Gaussian approximation for the meson and diquark fields and it is given in the Beth–Uhlenbeck form. This allows a detailed discussion of bound state dissociation in hot, dense matter (Mott effect) in terms of the in-medium scattering phase shift of two-particle correlations. It is shown for the case without meson–diquark mixing that the phase shift can be separated into a continuum and a resonance part. In the latter, the Mott transition manifests itself by a change of the phase shift at threshold by $π$ in accordance with Levinson’s theorem, when a bound state transforms to a resonance in the scattering continuum. The consequences for the contribution of pionic correlations to the pressure are discussed by evaluating the Beth–Uhlenbeck equation of state in different approximations. A similar discussion is performed for the scalar diquark channel in the normal phase. Further developments and applications of the developed approach are outlined.
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We study the formation of baryons as composed of quarks and diquarks in hot and dense hadronic matter in a Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL)-type model. We first solve the Dyson–Schwinger equation for the diquark propagator and then use this to solve the Dyson–Schwinger equation for the baryon propagator. We find that stable baryon resonances exist only in the phase of broken chiral symmetry. In the chirally symmetric phase, we do not find a pole in the baryon propagator. In the color-superconducting phase, there is a pole, but it has a large decay width. The diquark does not need to be stable in order to form a stable baryon, a feature typical for so-called Borromean states. Varying the strength of the diquark coupling constant, we also find similarities to the properties of an Efimov state.
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Phase transition from nuclear matter to color superconducting quark matter

Abstract

Phys. Rev. D

JHEP

Phys. Rev. C

Nucl. Phys. A

Phys. Rev. D

Phys. Lett. B

Phys. Rev. D

Phys. Lett. B

Nucl. Phys. A

Phys. Lett. B

Phys. Rev. C

Eur. Phys. J. A

Phys. Rev. C

Phys. Lett. B

Phys. Rev. C

Nucl. Phys. A

Nucl. Phys. A

Comments Nucl. Part. Phys.

Phys. Rev. D

Phys. Rev. C

Astrophys. J.

Mod. Phys. Lett. A

Prog. Theor. Phys.

Astrophys J.

Nucl. Phys. A

Phys. Rep.

Nucl. Phys. A

Phys. Lett. B

Nucl. Phys. B

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Int. J. Mod. Phys. E

Phys. Rev. D

Phys. Rev.

Nucl. Phys. A

Nucl. Phys. A

Phys. Rev. D

Phys. Rep.

Nucl. Phys. A

Int. J. Mod. Phys. B

Phys. Rev. D

Phys. Rev. D