Outsourcing business services and the role of central administrative offices

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-1190(03)00006-8Get rights and content

Abstract

In this paper, I study whether there is any evidence that the market scale surrounding a central administrative office (CAO) has any relation to a firm's cost-effectiveness in procuring business services. By linking plant-level data from the 1992 Annual Survey of Manufactures with CAO information from the Survey of Auxiliary Establishments, I examine manufacturing plants' practice of outsourcing services in relation to the size of the local service market surrounding the plant and that surrounding the plant's CAO. I found evidence which suggests that the greater the size of local market surrounding a CAO, the higher the plant's probability of relying on the CAO for outsourcing advertising, bookkeeping and accounting, and legal services.

References (28)

  • J.V. Henderson

    Efficiency of resource usage and city size

    Journal of Urban Economics

    (1986)
  • S.S. Rosenthal et al.

    The determinants of agglomeration

    Journal of Urban Economics

    (2001)
  • H. Abdel-Rahman et al.

    Product variety, Marshallian externalities, and city sizes

    Journal of Regional Science

    (1990)
  • A. Aksoy et al.

    The changing corporate head office and its spatial implications

    Regional Studies

    (1992)
  • J. Campbell et al.

    Market size matters

  • C. Brecher et al.

    The corporate headquarters complex in New York city

  • A. Ciccone et al.

    Productivity and the density of economic activity

    American Economic Review

    (1996)
  • J.C. Davis, Headquarters, localization economies and differentiated service inputs, Mimeo, Brown University,...
  • E. Glaeser et al.

    Growth in cities

    Journal of Political Economy

    (1992)
  • M. Fujita et al.

    Communication technologies and spatial organization of multi-unit firms in metropolitan areas

    Regional Science and Urban Economics

    (1993)
  • Z. Grilliches et al.

    Purchased services, outsourcing, computers, and productivity in manufacturing

  • J.V. Henderson

    Marshall's scale economies

  • S.R. Holloway et al.

    Corporate headquarters relocation and changes in metropolitan corporate dominance, 1980–1987

    Economic Geography

    (1991)
  • T. Holmes

    Localization of industry and vertical disintegration

    Review of Economics and Statistics

    (1999)
  • Cited by (48)

    • Civic capital and service outsourcing: Evidence from Italy

      2021, European Economic Review
      Citation Excerpt :

      This makes them a suitable input to look at for our purposes. Second, services are predominantly purchased in the local market (Schwartz, 1993; Ono, 2003; Merino and Rodrand, 2007). This makes the effect of local civic capital on service outsourcing more straightforward to identify, as both the buyer and the provider tend to be located in the same area, and hence they operate surrounded by the same level of civicness.

    • Move to success? Headquarters relocation, political favoritism, and corporate performance

      2020, Journal of Corporate Finance
      Citation Excerpt :

      Many studies have sought to identify the push and pull factors affecting HQ relocations by primarily focusing on operational efficiency or operational cost considerations. Regarding the former, there is considerable evidence that HQ relocations can increase the supply of market information as well as outsourcing opportunities (Ono, 2003; Lovely et al., 2005; Aarland et al., 2007; Henderson and Ono, 2008; Davis and Henderson, 2008; Strauss–Kahn and Vives, 2009). Multinational corporations often achieve cost reductions by moving their HQs to destinations with a lower tax rate (Voget, 2011; Laamanen et al., 2012).

    • Multi-plant operation and headquarters separation: Evidence from Japanese plant-level panel data

      2016, Japan and the World Economy
      Citation Excerpt :

      HQs are expected to be separated from plants located in regions with a higher urbanization index, as various corporate services are abundantly available in urban areas compared with rural industrial concentrations. From U.S. data, Ono (2003) observes that plants are less likely to engage directly in outsourcing when their HQs are located in larger markets, indicating more important roles of HQs located in cores, where searching, matching, and contracting is easier. Summary statistics from plant-level data are presented in Table 1.

    • The Geography of Development Within Countries

      2015, Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics
      Citation Excerpt :

      Several articles explore functional specialization by firms across the urban hierarchy in recent years using micro data. Ono (2003) shows that in bigger cities, production plants found there rely more on the headquarters to buy business services for them. More generally, the headquarters are located in larger cities and enjoy a high degree of local scale externalities (Davis and Henderson, 2008).

    • Inshoring: The geographic fragmentation of production and inequality

      2012, Journal of Urban Economics
      Citation Excerpt :

      Manufacturers often contract out for specialized business services (Abraham and Taylor, 1996). This propensity increases with city size (Ono, 2007), and particularly, those with management headquarters in large cities are more likely to use their headquarters to contract out for the local business services (Ono, 2003). Vernon Henderson and his co-authors further examine the determinants of firms’ decisions to geographically separate headquarters from production and to locate the headquarters.

    • Vertical disintegration in Marshallian industrial districts

      2010, Regional Science and Urban Economics
    View all citing articles on Scopus
    View full text