Hydrogen content and outgassing of air-baked and vacuum-fired stainless steel
References (11)
- et al.
Vacuum
(1996) - et al.
Nucl Instr Meth
(1985) Nucl Instr Meth
(1985)Vuoto
(1990)- et al.
Brit J Appl Phys
(1967)
Cited by (27)
Numerical evaluations of hydrogen outgassing from cesium coated carbon fiber electrodes
2022, VacuumCitation Excerpt :The outflows are predicted to be faster for this system than those in carbon fibers alone without the Cs coating. From a practical standpoint, this would then provide an inherent advantage for pre-treatments involving baking or surface heating via lasers or microwave irradiation [28,36,37]. The faster outflow predicted would purge the electrode of inherent gases more quickly and efficiently.
Hydrogen outgassing and permeation in stainless steel and its reduction for UHV applications
2021, Materials Today: ProceedingsCitation Excerpt :Their study reveals that, for vacuum firing at 400 °C the resultant outgassing rate of about 2 × 10−15 torr l/cm2-s is achieved. Hydrogen content and outgassing of air-baked and vacuum-fired stainless steel is discussed by L. Westerberg et al. [16]. Vacuum firing offers mores bulk hydrogen removal compared to air baking.
Laser surface melting of stainless steel anodes for reduced hydrogen outgassing
2017, Materials LettersCitation Excerpt :Metals with relatively low hydrogen outgassing rates, such as austenitic stainless steel (SS) [7], are the most commonly used materials for vacuum applications [7]. To further reduce outgassing in such metals, several treatments have been proven effective including baking [8–12], vacuum baking [8,11,13,14], polishing [8,14], and surface treatments to create oxide or other protective surface films. Electropolishing has been the method of choice [8,11,15] since it both reduces the surface roughness of anode materials and creates an oxide layer that further reduces hydrogen outgassing.
Gas dynamics modelling for particle accelerators
2012, VacuumCitation Excerpt :The outgassing is characterised by the specific outgassing rates ηt. The outgassing rates depend on many factors such as choice of material, surface roughness, cleaning procedure, temperature and duration of bakeout, pumping time, surface temperature, etc. [17–24]. A lot of data is available from the literature for different sets of such factors.
Hydrogen distribution in titanium materials with low outgassing property
2009, VacuumCitation Excerpt :It is well known that main outgassing source in UHV/XHV region is hydrogen gas dissolved into vacuum materials. It has been clarified that hydrogen outgassing is governed by bulk diffusions [11] and surface processes [4,12–14] of adsorption and recombination of hydrogen atoms and outgassing of hydrogen molecules on the surface. Moreover, low hydrogen concentration near the surface has been proposed for attainment of a low outgassing property [15].
Atom probe, AFM, and STM studies on vacuum-fired stainless steels
2009, Ultramicroscopy