Application of transition metals in hydroformylation annual survey covering the year 2002
Section snippets
Cobalt catalysts
The cobalt-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1,2-epoxyhex-5-ene (1) at 100 °C and 100 bar CO:H2=1:1 pressure was found to give the mixture of aldehyde isomers 2 and 3 in 99% yield [1].
It was found that the initial rate of Co2(CO)8-catalyzed cyclohexene hydroformylation and triethyl orthoformate carbonylation as well as the initial rate of CoH(CO)4 formation from Co2(CO)8 and H2 is reduced by the addition of dinitrogen, argon, or xenon. It is assumed that the additional gas competes with one or more
Silylformylation, silylcarbocyclization, and hydrogermylcarbonylation
Rhodium-catalyzed silylformylation has been applied in a highly efficient synthesis of polyketides by tandem intramolecular silylformylation–crotylsilylation [93].
The rhodium-catalyzed (0.5 mol.% Rh4(CO)12 and 10 mol.% P(OEt)3) carbonylative silylcarbocyclization reaction of 1,6-enynes such as 35 at 105 °C and 20 bar of CO in 1,4-dioxane was found to afford 36 as essentially the sole product in 91% isolated yield [94].
The palladium–phosphite complex from [PdCl(η3-C3H5)]2 and (2,5-di-tBuC6H3O)3P (
Reviews
- 1
Recent advances in rhodium-catalyzed cyclization reactions. A review with 44 references of cyclohydrocarbonylation processes (a combination of hydroformylation and cyclization), which serve for the rapid construction of monocyclic, bicyclic, and fused ring systems from readily obtainable starting materials [126].
- 2
New cyclization reactions in organic syntheses. A review with 18 references of the transition metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions developed in the author's laboratories, which include
Acknowledgements
The author thanks the Hungarian Science Fund for support under Grant No. OTKA T037817.
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