Integration of commercial pressure measurement technologies

Abstract

Pressure distributions can be measured using many single force transducers, typically arranged in matrix configurations. Contrary to industrial applications, the mechanical interaction of the human body requires sensors that adapt to soft and pliable interfaces. Capacitive, piezoelectric, and resistive transducers are commonly used for force measurements. Modeling of the human body and its interaction with the environment often requires input of force and/or pressure distribution information. Pressure distribution patterns are closely related to the perception of comfort. Therefore, pressure distribution information is used in the design of footwear-, chair-, and sleeping mattress constructions. Athletic shoe companies use pressure measurements to improve footwear for preventing injuries and enhance performance. In the medical field, plantar pressures are measured for patients with insensitive feet to prevent ulceration (e.g., in diabetic feet). Similarly, pressure monitoring is required for patients who have to stay in bed or wheelchairs for extended periods of time. More recently, pressure distribution measurements are applied to the robotics field. The detection of pressure distribution of complex objects is necessary to mimic the handgrip of humans. For the development of electronic skin, the tactile sensing properties of natural skin have to be simulated by large arrays of miniaturized force sensors.