Chapter 4 - Uremic Toxicity

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  • Intradialytic Protein Ingestion and Exercise do Not Compromise Uremic Toxin Removal Throughout Hemodialysis

    2023, Journal of Renal Nutrition
    Citation Excerpt :

    Metabolic waste products are insufficiently removed from the circulation by the kidneys of patients with renal disease. Substances that accumulate in body fluids due to reduced glomerular filtration and negatively modulate biologic functions have been named uremic toxins.1 In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), when the glomerular filtration rate is less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2, uremic toxins can accumulate up to detrimental concentrations.2,3

  • Impact of lower and higher alcohols on the physicochemical properties of particulate matter from diesel engines: A review

    2021, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
    Citation Excerpt :

    Therefore, several studies have been conducted to determine the quantity of ions emitted from these engines and investigate the effect of using different fuels (like biofuels) on the ion concentrations [53–57]. Some trace heavy metals and elements naturally exist in the drinking water and food which have no negative impact on human health and even are essential for the body, while some of them are harmful and toxic (e.g., Pb, Zn, As, Ni, Ti, Cu, Cd, and V) [58,59]. Thus, many investigations can be found regarding the quantity of metals and elements in the atmosphere and tunnel aerosols [60–70] or PM emitted from motor vehicles [71–75].

  • Density functional calculations on the structural and vibrational properties of 1,4-diaminobutane

    2020, Journal of Molecular Structure
    Citation Excerpt :

    They are strongly basic and low molecular weight compounds which are required as a prior condition for growth. 14DAB is also formed by intestinal bacteria by decarboxylation of lysine and ornithine in the intestine [14–16]. In addition, 14DAB has important physiological functions such as the regulation of gene expression maturation of intestine, cell growth and differentiation [17].

  • Metabolomic Analysis of Membranous Glomerulonephritis: Identification of a Diagnostic Panel and Pathogenic Pathways

    2019, Archives of Medical Research
    Citation Excerpt :

    Two metabolites with pyrimidine structure, i.e. pseudouridine and deoxyuridine, were detected as under-represented metabolite candidate biomarkers in our analysis. These compounds are considered as uremic toxins (40), with known contribution in progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (41). Decreased excretion of pesudourine in renal failure and increased excretion of deoxyuridine in CKD were detected according to literature data (42,43).

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