Smart Polymers for Bioseparation and Other Biotechnological Applications

doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102416-4.00015-6

Smart Polymers and their Applications (Second Edition)

Woodhead Publishing in Materials

2019, Pages 533-565

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102416-4.00015-6 Get rights and content

Abstract

In this chapter, the main applications of smart polymers (SP) in biotechnology and, in particular, bioseparation are discussed. Affinity precipitation and two-phase polymer separation using SP membranes and SP chromatographic carriers are overviewed. Recent developments and future perspectives in these areas are discussed. Application of SPs as catalysts is also reviewed.

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Cited by (8)

Potential upscaling of multiphase systems
2023, Principles of Multiple-Liquid Separation Systems: Interaction, Application and Advancement
Biological molecule separation and purification remains an obstacle in the bioseparation field. The need for cost efficient process and manufacturing is crucial in minimizing the cost of final product, while maintaining the biological activity and molecular stability. Biological molecules are labile, hence great care must be taken during the separation step. For a homogenous liquid phase separation, various technologies such as chromatography, membrane, aqueous two-phase system, and precipitation are employed. A brief introduction on the working principle of each method is provided. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the technology are highlighted. Furthermore, some of the drawbacks of each technologies are addressed to increase the efficiency of separations. The factors that affect the separation of desired molecules are also emphasized. As maintaining the conditions such as pressure, temperature, hydrodynamics of the feed are crucial in achieving the desired separation. The scale-up methods are also discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, the development and advancement of the separation techniques were also deliberated. Along with the recent progress, many promising achievements are attained. Thus, the incorporation with the current method ensures greater recovery yield and productivity. For instance, the integration of technologies for chromatography and aqueous two-phase system. Besides, the altering of physical and chemical properties of stationary phase in chromatography and membrane also increases separation efficiency. The conversion of batch manufacturing to continuous provides various benefits and thus its development is highly coveted. The challenges faced during manufacturing such as drawbacks of the technology, the factors affecting separation and partitioning of molecules, the scalability, development, and advancement of the technology will be discussed. This ensures the practicality, feasibility, and robustness of the separation techniques.
Smart materials for point-of-care testing: From sample extraction to analyte sensing and readout signal generator
2020, Biosensors and Bioelectronics
Citation Excerpt :
In traditional affinity precipitation, a smart material with affinity ligand first forms a complex with the target analyte in homogeneous solution. When triggered by an external stimulus, the material changes its conformation, resulting in precipitation to form a heterogeneous phase of insoluble complex with the target analyte while all the impurities remain in the solution (Fig. 2D) (Krieg et al., 2019; Savina et al., 2019). Subsequently, the insoluble complex with the target analyte is separated from the solution and the target analyte is then released by dissociation from the smart material.
The last decade has seen a surge of technical developments in the field on point-of-care testing (POCT). While these developments are extremely diverse, the common aim is to implement improved methods for quick, reliable and inexpensive diagnosis of patients within the clinical setting. While examples of successful introduction and use of POCT techniques are growing, further developments are still necessary to create POCT devices with better portability, usability and performance. Advances in smart materials emerge as potentially valuable know-hows to provide a competitive edge to the development of next generation POCT devices. This review describes the key advantages of adopting smart material-based technologies at different analytical stages of a POCT platform. Under these analytical stages which involves sample pre-treatment, analyte sensing and readout signal generator, several concepts and approaches from contemporary research work in using smart material-based technologies will be the major focus in this review. Lastly, challenges and potential outlook in implementing materials technologies from the application point of view for POCT will be discussed.
Anisotropic modification of SPIONs surface with thiol and alkyne groups for fabrication of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/polydopamine amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles via double-click reaction
2020, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
Citation Excerpt :
So, using the stimuli-responsive polymers in the structure of Janus nanoparticles make them sensitive to the external changes, including change of temperature, pH, light, and electric or magnetic field. Moreover, their response to these signals can be a molecular conformational change, polymer cleavage, or phase separation. [20–22]. Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) is a biocompatible, flexible, and hydrophilic polymer with tunable mechanical properties.
The Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) have been considered as dual-functionalized devices. One of the materials which can be used in the hybrid Janus nanoparticles is superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). In this work, a novel procedure based on anisotropic surface modification of SPIONs through Pickering Emulsion was utilized to obtain bi-functional SPIONs with thiol and triple bond functional groups. These surface-modified nanoparticles have a great potential to graft a variety of polymers with different molecular weights to its surface. Low molecular ATRP-synthesized poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) as a hydrophilic polymer and polydopamine (PDA) as a hydrophobic one were synthesized and were covalently anchored to the surface of bi-functional SPIONs through double click reaction, i.e. [2 + 3] cycloaddition and thiol-ene reaction. As a result, polymeric Janus nanoparticles with amphiphilic and magnetic properties were obtained. The prepared polymers and SPIONs were fully characterized by various methods, as well as final polymeric Janus nanoparticles.
Polymeric membranes for biomedical applications
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Water-Soluble Squaramide-Functionalized Copolymers for Anion Recognition
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Smart Superabsorbents and Other Bio-based Superabsorbents
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Chapter 15 - Smart Polymers for Bioseparation and Other Biotechnological Applications

Abstract