Role of nanoparticles on polymer composites

doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-101991-7.00013-3

Micro and Nano Fibrillar Composites (MFCs and NFCs) from Polymer Blends

Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering

2017, Pages 301-326

Micro and Nano Fibrillar Composites (MFCs and NFCs) from Polymer Blends

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101991-7.00013-3 Get rights and content

Abstract

Conjugated polymers with conductive metal nanoparticles offer a unique opportunity to combine the desirable characteristic properties of both their organic and metallic components within a single matrix. The metallic portion imparts conductivity and thermal stability, whereas the polymer can provide mechanical and electronic properties of semiconductors. Such a combination of conducting polymers with metal nanoparticles have emerged as a promising material for the production of sensors, fuel cell, and electrochromic displays. In this chapter, we briefly review some of the developments in the fabrication of conducting polymer nanocomposite based on polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene with different metallic nanoparticles.

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Our presented research aims to provide a systematic study of electrical, magnetic and microwave absorption properties of La-Co substituted Ba-Sr hexaferrite nanoparticles and MWCNTs, encapsulated in conductive polymer matrix. La-Co substituted Ba-Sr hexaferrite nanoparticles were produced using Sol-Gel auto combustion, whereas carrier fluid ultrasonication dispersion and in-situ polymerization were used to synthesize their composites with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and conductive polymers. Structural investigations were accomplished using X-rays diffraction, secondary electron microscopy, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy. The dielectric measurements revealed increased dielectric losses (4.86 at 1 GHz for pure nanoparticles, which increases up to 11.59 and 13.36 for ternary composites within PANI and PTh matrix), indicating good energy dissipation behavior. The decrease in magnetism was observed due to the weakening of exchange coupling or domain wall pinning at the interface of Ferrite-MWCNTs and Ferrite-Polymer, resulting in lowered saturation magnetization, remanence and coercivity values. The microwave absorption of our samples was evaluated as a function of frequency and thickness, revealing its dependence on the quarter wavelength phenomenon with maximum reflection loss of − 40.4 dB observed for ternary composite with Polythiophene matrix at 7.54 GHz resonance frequency. The dependence of reflection loss peaks on matching thickness was analyzed using calculated thickness profiles, revealing their close agreement with simulated thickness. The study highlighted the potential of synthesized samples for electromagnetic signature reduction, in both commercial and military applications. The resonance bands were found to coincide with the operating frequency of military radars for shipborne and airborne surveillance and navigation in the X band (8–12 GHz).
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Citation Excerpt :
PT is a polyheterocycle with significant structural similarity to PPy in both reduced (undoped) and oxidized (doped) forms. PT can be used for a variety of scientific and industrial applications because of its fascinating properties, such as high environmental stability, good thermal resilience, narrower energy bandgaps, excellent mechanical characteristics, and ease of manufacturing [183,184]. PT can be prepared through chemical (transition metal-catalyzed polymerization or oxidative polymerization) and electrochemical polymerization (potentiodynamic, potentiostatic, galvanostatic) [185].
Electronic tongues (e-tongues) are analytical technologies that mimic the biological tongues which are non-specific, low-selective, and cross-sensitive taste systems. The e-tongues consist of an array of sensors, being able to produce electrical signals that correspond to particular chemical compositions of a sample solution. The performance and efficiency of e-tongues have been optimized for many years via the development of novel materials and technologies. Various conjugated polymers (CPs) have been used in e-tongues over the past decades thanks to their fascinating electrical properties and wide-ranging chemistries. In most studies, CPs such as polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI), polythiophene (PT), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), have drawn considerable interest in e-tongues because of their controllable electrical properties, relatively facile and cost-effective preparation, and good environmental stability that can significantly enhance their versatility, compared to other types of e-tongues. This review article reports major conjugated polymer-based e-tongues (CPETs) that have been studied with these aforementioned CPs over the last two decades.

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13 - Role of nanoparticles on polymer composites

Abstract