ArticleDiurnal variations in the feeding responses to norepinephrine, neuropeptide Y and galanin in the PVN
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Neuropeptide Y Signaling in the Lateral Hypothalamus Modulates Diet Component Selection and is Dysregulated in a Model of Diet-Induced Obesity
2020, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :For example, sensitivity to intraventricular NPY infusion is increased and arcuate nucleus NPY levels are altered, which may occur in a diet component and/or nutrient-specific manner (Widdowson et al., 1999; Hansen et al., 2004; van den Heuvel et al., 2014; Gumbs et al., 2016). Administration of NPY in the hypothalamus has classically been associated with increased carbohydrate intake (Stanley et al., 1985a,b; Tempel and Leibowitz, 1990). However, depending on prior dietary preference, it can also increase fat intake (Stanley et al., 1989).
Neuropeptide modulation of addiction: Focus on galanin
2020, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :It has been postulated that central GAL has a role in controlling macronutrient selection, though reports of this effect are conflicting (Schauble et al., 2005; Yun et al., 2005). Some studies have described that rats receiving central treatment of GAL display increased fat intake, while only enhancing carbohydrate intake in the absence of a high fat diet (Tempel et al., 1988; Leibowitz and Kim, 1992; Smith et al., 1994; Tempel and Leibowitz, 1990). Protein intake was unaffected, regardless of the selection of macronutrient diets presented (Tempel et al., 1988).
A high-fat diet or galanin in the PVN decreases phosphorylation of CREB in the nucleus accumbens
2013, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Intraventricular GAL inhibits morphine place preference (Zachariou et al., 1999), and GAL can protect against behavioral signs of opiate withdrawal in transgenic animals (Zachariou et al., 2003; Hawes et al., 2008). Fat intake is known to increase hypothalamic GAL (Leibowitz, 2005), and injection of GAL into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) causes an increase in food consumption in rats (Kyrkouli et al., 1986, 1990), particularly with regard to fat intake (Tempel et al., 1988; Tempel and Leibowitz, 1990), although this latter observation has not been universally supported (Smith et al., 1996). The PVN has also been shown to regulate the NAc, with, for example, GAL administration in the PVN decreasing extracellular levels of acetylcholine and increasing extracellular dopamine in the NAc (Rada et al., 1998).
A novel galanin receptor 1a gene in zebrafish: Tissue distribution, developmental expression roles in nutrition regulation
2013, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCitation Excerpt :Also, the expression of gut GalR1a mRNA was decreased to the normal level when the fasted zebrafish were refed with a standard laboratory chow. This consisted the functions of GalRs in mammalian, which GalRs contribute to the food intake and body weight (Kyrkouli et al., 1986; Kyrkouli et al., 1990; Tempel and Leibowitz, 1990; Akabayashi et al., 1994; Leibowitz et al., 1998; Kalra et al., 1999; Dube et al., 2000; Balint et al., 2001). In rat, a dramatic increase in the consumption of standard chow was found after microinjection of galanin into the PVN of the hypothalamus (Adams et al., 2008), whereas galanin receptor peptidic antagonists could reduce feeding (Leibowitz and Kim, 1992; Corwin et al., 1993).
Hypothalamic galanin and plasma leptin and ghrelin in the maintenance of energy intake in the Brattleboro rat
2007, Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsHypothalamic neuropeptides and feeding regulation
2007, Appetite and Body Weight