Acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile gilthead seabream Sparus aurata under reduced oxygen levels
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Cited by (72)
Ammonia exposure alters the expression of immune-related and antioxidant enzymes-related genes and the gut microbial community of crucian carp (Carassius auratus)
2017, Fish and Shellfish ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :The values of NH3 were calculated from ammonia, pH, and temperature of the aquaria, according to the general equations of Albert [32]. The ammonia dose was decided based on our pilot study (Tables S1, S2, S3) conducted to determine Lethal Concentration (LC50) and based on the data available [33–38]. After 30 days exposure, all fish were maintained in control conditions for 15 days.
Land based on-growing of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) using Recirculating Aquaculture Systems; a case study from the Basque region (Northern Spain)
2017, AquacultureCitation Excerpt :This was achieved by controlling feeding and fish stocking density, as well as maintaining oxygen concentration above saturation levels. Some authors (e.g. Thruston et al., 1981; Wajsbrot et al., 1991; Foss et al., 2007 and Remen et al., 2008) have already reported that cod is more tolerant to ammonia under mild hyperoxia conditions. Conversely, lower oxygen levels lead to appetite reduction and growth depression (Whitworth, 1968; Jobling, 1994; Chabot and Dutil, 1999; Timmons and Ebeling, 2010).
Growth models of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) for aquaculture: A review
2016, Aquacultural EngineeringRemediation of ammonia accumulation during live transport of juvenile cod, Gadus morhua L., and the effects of fast period on ammonia levels and water quality
2010, AquacultureCitation Excerpt :Other reports for 24-h LC50 have been in a similar range with 0.24 mg l−1 for sea bream larvae and 1.32 mg l−1 for Senegal sole Solea senegelensis Kaup (Parra and Yúfera, 2001). LC50 values at 96-h in sea bream juveniles of 0.4 to 3 g were 1.27 mg l−1 (Wajsbrot et al., 1991). The ammonia levels obtained using the range in stocking densities here of 10 to 30 kg m−3 were therefore well below the LC50 toxicity range in these species.
Interactions between effects of environmental chemicals and natural stressors: A review
2010, Science of the Total Environment